Determining unknown concentrations of nanoparticles: the particle-impact electrochemistry of nickel and silver

Diffusional impacts of nanoparticles on microdisc and microwire electrodes: The limit of detection and first passage statistics

“…This allows for the investigation of the electrocatalytic activity of the particle [6,12] and delivers information on the nanoparticle's Brownian motion at the electrode surface [13,14]. The nano-impact method has been used to identify various types of nanoparticles [15,5,10,16,17], and to provide fundamental insights into chemical mechanisms [18][19][20][21][22], agglomerations and aggregations [23,24], and the sensing at low nanoparticle concentrations for environmental studies [10].…”

“…Typically, micrometre sized electrodes are used to avoid large capacitance noise [7,8] or simultaneous impacts. During an impact event, the impacting particle may be involved in an electrochemical reaction at the electrode surface, which may result in a direct oxidation of the nanoparticle itself, while a corresponding current is measured [9][10][11]. Characteristics of the peak provide direct information about the individual nano-particle size, and the average number of impacts as a function of time can be described by Fick's diffusion equation, providing a practical way to measure the concentration of nanoparticles in a sample.…”

Detection, characterization and quantification of inorganic engineered nanomaterials: A review of techniques and methodological approaches for the analysis of complex samples

“…VIP and PCC can be considered complementary techniques and usually they are used in combination [209]. VIP provides information about the chemical composition of the nanoparticles, by checking the potentials of the voltammetric peaks, which are going to be applied in the PCC measurements.…”

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of silver nanoparticles in water using ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate

“…To date, several methods have been developed for the separation and determination of AgNPs such as field flow fractionation, anodic particle coulometry, and hydrodynamic chromatography, but these methods have limitations to varying extents, for example, poor resolution, time consuming and overly elaborate procedures Bednar et al, 2013;Stuart et al, 2012;Tiede et al, 2009). Liu et al first established the Triton X-114-based cloud point extraction method for analysis of trace AgNPs in river water, which was then used to detect AgNPs in samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) (Liu et al, 2009a;Chao et al, 2011;Li et al, 2013) and in lixiviates obtained from sticking plasters and cleaning cloths (López-García et al, 2014).…”

“…c o m / l o c a t e / j e s characteristics such as surface charge, particle size and shape were related to their toxicity (Badawy et al, 2011;Burkowska-But et al, 2014;Carlson et al, 2008;Pal et al, 2007). This lack of knowledge could be ascribed to the complexity of nanoparticles themselves, as well as the lack of methods that are capable of monitoring the trace AgNPs from complex environmental and biological samples without disturbing their characteristics (Farré et al, 2011).4 1 ( 2 0 1 6 ) 2 1 1 -2 1To date, several methods have been developed for the separation and determination of AgNPs such as field flow fractionation, anodic particle coulometry, and hydrodynamic chromatography, but these methods have limitations to varying extents, for example, poor resolution, time consuming and overly elaborate procedures Bednar et al, 2013;Stuart et al, 2012;Tiede et al, 2009). Liu et al first established the Triton X-114-based cloud point extraction method for analysis of trace AgNPs in river water, which was then used to detect AgNPs in samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) (Liu et al, 2009a;Chao et al, 2011;Li et al, 2013) and in lixiviates obtained from sticking plasters and cleaning cloths (López-García et al, 2014).…”