Detoxification of Molasses and Production of Mycelial Mass and Valuable Metabolites by Morchella Species

Abstract

Edible wild ascomycetes Morchella rotunda, M. vulgaris and M. conica were cultivated in liquid static and agitated flasks of sucrose and molasses substrates with a C/N ratio of 20 and 25. The impact of four substrates on the production and quality characteristics of morels was examined. Evaluation included determination of the dry mycelial mass, intra-cellular (IPS) and extra-cellular (EPS) polysaccharides, total phenolic (TPC) and antioxidant (TAC) components, proteins, as well as the degree of phenolic content reduction and decolorization of molasses. The influence of agitation conditions was also evaluated. Results showed that substrate consumption, biomass formation and secondary metabolites production were substrate, species, and C/N ratio dependent. Among species, M. conica achieved the maximum biomass (18.16 g/L) and IPS (4.8 g/L) production and significant phenolic reduction (56.6%) and decolorization (26.7%). The maximum EPS (3.94 g/L) was noted by M. rotunda, whereas TPC (32.2 mg/g), TAC (6.0 mg/g) and cellular protein (7.6% w/w) were produced in sufficient amounts. These results strongly support the use of Morchella mushrooms as a biological detoxification agent of molasses in liquid fermentations and indicate their nutritional and medicinal value.

Valorization of Agro-Industrial Wastes and Residues through the Production of Bioactive Compounds by Macrofungi in Liquid State Cultures: Growing Circular Economy

“…Satisfying amounts of glucans were produced by P. ostreatus (21 g/L), G. lucidum (19.7 g/L), and P. citrinopileatus (18.8 g/L), cultured in a 2.5 L bioreactor [207]. According to a recent study, P. pulmonarius produced an impressive 32.76 g/L of biomass that was rich in intracellular polysaccharides (4.38 g/L), indicating that OMW is a promising substrate for the biosynthesis of high-added value bioactive compounds [27].…”

“…The metabolism of many macrofungi has been studied in synthetic media with various carbon and nitrogen sources to determine growth patterns and their productivity [21,22]. Current research indicates that satisfying quantities of macrofungi mycelial biomass can be produced in liquid cultures using agro-industrial side-streams as the sole carbon source [23][24][25][26][27]. Submerged cultivation of macrofungi is an efficient, reproducible, and potentially scalable method to produce fungal biomass and metabolites (Figure 1).…”

Valorization of Grape Pomace for Trametes versicolor Mycelial Mass and Polysaccharides Production

“…The total volume of each flask was measured with a volumetric cylinder and then filtered under vacuum (Whatman ® No 1, Buckinghamshire, UK) to remove the mycelia mass from the fermentation broth. Fungal mycelia were washed twice with deionized water, transferred into pre-weighed McCartney vials (25 mL) and dried at 60 ± 0.5 • C [14]. The results are presented as total dry weight (TDW, g/L).…”

Yeast Lipids from Crude Glycerol Media and Utilization of Lipid Fermentation Wastewater as Maceration Water in Cultures of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms

“…Moreover, LFWs certainly contain (potentially important) quantities of salts [2,4]. These salt-containing wastewaters can be used as maceration waters for the cultivation of edible and pharmaceutical fungi since several of them can present significant growth with or without salts in the culture media [9][10][11][12][13].…”