Deuterium as a Tool for Changing the Properties of Pharmaceutical Substances (Review)

Abstract

The review is devoted to the influence of the hydrogen isotope–deuterium on biological models of organisms and the biological activity of pharmaceutical substances.
 The positions of the influence of deuterium on the properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients are examined from different perspectives. The first position reflects an increase in the kinetic isotope effect (KIE) in processes involving known pharmaceutical substances in aqueous solutions with a deuterium/protium ratio (D/H) below natural. For the first time, the dose-response diagram shows the identity of deuterium with essential trace elements, when a deficiency and excess of an element reduces the organism's vitality. Improved kinetic characteristics are demonstrated for the molecular and organism levels of different hierarchical gradations. In particular, they consist in the possibility of increasing the dissolution rate of substances by influencing the carbohydrate mutarotation processes and the optical activity of chiral substances, increased accumulation of essential elements in medicinal plants and other processes associated with a possible change in metabolic pathways in the cell and the organism as a whole.
 The second considered position of the influence of deuterium is associated with the use of deuterated substances–new compounds or obtained by substitution of protium in known protium analogues. The KIE is presented, which is expressed in a decrease in the biotransformation rate as a result of deuteration, it allows predicting a rapid development of the new direction in the development of drugs. Having an identical therapeutic effect, deuterated analogs provide improved pharmacokinetic characteristics, such as reduced toxicity, blocked epimerization of optically active substances, and a change in the mechanisms of biotransformation. The obtained results make it possible to predict the mechanisms of the effect of deuterium on the biochemical transformations of pharmaceutical substances in the organism.

Express method for particle size analysis in solid, liquid, and amorphous materials using 3D calibration curve and 2D-DLS dynamic light scattering

“…et al, 2009). Each descriptor is a topological convolution of the light scattering matrix obtained through element-by-element elimination of the background 13 . For data processing, the Vidan® and Atrium software was used, developed by our team at the Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.…”

Естественнонаучные И Философские Аспекты Единства Живописи И Музыки: Взгляд Через Призму Искусственного Интеллекта

“…Мы предложили метод регистрации этих микроколебаний без прикосновения к живописному полотну, на основе неразрушающего дистанционного зондирования [8]. Основы метода, его метрологическое обеспечение, было отработано в перечисленных статьях [6][7][8] на примерах различения химических веществ с разной пробоподготовкой, разной хиральности. В основе подхода лежит регистрация двумерной динамики диффузного отражения.…”

Chiral Switching Control of Pharmaceutical Substances

“…Chiral switching occurs during the process of inducing chirality in achiral molecules and giant heterogeneous water clusters [14], facilitated by small optically active structures known as "sergeantsoldier" [15]. The accumulated experimental data necessitate the generalization and development of new approaches to control chiral switching based on the kinetic isotope effect of deuterium [16,17].…”