Deuterium retention and release behaviours of tungsten and deuterium co-deposited layers

Qiao, Li; Zhang, H.W.; Xu, Jing; Chai, Liqiang; Hu, Min; Wang, P.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.02.009

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Another hypothesis that must be considered is the desorption peaks tendence to shift towards lower temperatures with the decrease of the layer thickness. This phenomenon was observed in three separate studies [30][31][32]. This hypothesis is supported by the RBS results, which confirm a decrease of the layer thickness with the increase of the deuterium flow during deposition.…”

Section: Deuterium Desorption and Thermal Releasesupporting

confidence: 72%

Deuterium Retention and Release Behavior from Beryllium Co-Deposited Layers at Distinct Ar/D Ratio

et al. 2021

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Beryllium-deuterium co-deposited layers were obtained using DC magnetron sputtering technique by varying the Ar/D2 gas mixture composition (10/1; 5/1; 2/1 and 1:1) at a constant deposition rate of 0.06 nm/s, 343 K substrate temperature and 2 Pa gas pressure. The surface morphology of the layers was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy and the layer crystalline structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry was employed to determine the chemical composition of the layers. D trapping states and inventory quantification were performed using thermal desorption spectroscopy. The morphology of the layers is not influenced by the Ar/D2 gas mixture composition but by the substrate type and roughness. The increase of the D2 content during the deposition leads to the deposition of Be-D amorphous layers and also reduces the layer thickness by decreasing the sputtering yield due to the poisoning of the Be target. The D retention in the layers is dominated by the D trapping in low activation binding states and the increase of D2 flow during deposition leads to a significant build-up of deuterium in these states. Increase of deuterium flow during deposition consequently leads to an increase of D retention in the beryllium layers up to 300%. The resulted Be-D layers release the majority of their D (above 99.99%) at temperatures lower than 700 K.

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Section: Deuterium Desorption and Thermal Releasesupporting

confidence: 72%

Deuterium Retention and Release Behavior from Beryllium Co-Deposited Layers at Distinct Ar/D Ratio

et al. 2021

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“…To account for different layer thicknesses, each TDS spectrum is normalized by the areal density of a layer from the same deposition batch as determined by IBA (see Table 1). It should also be kept in mind that increasing layer thickness typically shifts the desorption maximum towards higher temperatures [12,16,17].…”

Section: Deuterium Retention and Thermal Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The O content in the layers was determined using the 16 O( 3 He, p 0 ) 18 F reaction at 2.4 MeV with the cross section data from [35]. For thick layers the proton peak from the 16 O( 3 He, p 0 ) 18 F reaction overlapped with the peak from the 9 Be( 3 He, p 6 ) 11 B reaction; for thinner layers it was separated between the 9 Be( 3 He, p 6 ) 11 B and the 9 Be( 3 He, p 7 ) 11 B peaks. The signal background from the various 9 Be-3 He reactions cannot be simulated accurately, so a smooth curve representing the background signal was derived by using a [(n-1)2n3H,twice] median smoother [33] with a running window width of n = 25 channels.…”

Section: Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found to be the dominant mechanism of fuel retention in JET [8] and is anticipated to play a similar role in ITER [6,9]. D codeposition with Be [10,11,12,13,14] and W [10,15,16,17] has been previously studied in detail. Considering the low erosion yield of W and much lower D concentration in W codeposited layers as compared with Be layers, it is expected that codeposition with Be will dominate the T inventory in ITER [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deuterium retention in mixed Be-W-D codeposited layers

et al. 2020

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Mixed beryllium-tungsten-deuterium (Be-W-D) layers (4.4-28.4 at.% W) were codeposited in a magnetron discharge in D 2 -Ar atmosphere at pressures of 0.8 Pa, 2.7 Pa, and 8 Pa and a substrate temperature of 373 ± 15 K. The composition of the layers was determined using nuclear reaction analysis and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. D trapping states in the layers were examined using thermal desorption spectroscopy. At all pressures used, the D concentration in the layers has a nonmonotonic dependence on the W concentration, with the maximum occurring at 4.4-7.3% W. In this case, the D concentration is about two times greater than that in a Be-D layer; in W-D layers the D concentration is more than one order of magnitude smaller. Increase of pressure during deposition results in an increase of the D concentration in Be-D and Be-W-D (4.4-7.3% W) layers and is linked with the appearance of sharp low-temperature D release peaks near 450 K and 500 K. Increase of pressure also results in steeper decrease of the D concentration with increasing W concentration beyond 7.3%. It is concluded that for the layers deposited at 450 K and above, the effect of the presence of W (4.4-28.4%) on the D retention becomes small.

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Erosion and fuel retentions of various reduced-activation ferritic martensitic steel grades exposed to deuterium plasma

Qiao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Fusion Engineering and Design

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Deuterium retention and release behaviours of tungsten and deuterium co-deposited layers

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Deuterium Retention and Release Behavior from Beryllium Co-Deposited Layers at Distinct Ar/D Ratio

Deuterium Retention and Release Behavior from Beryllium Co-Deposited Layers at Distinct Ar/D Ratio

Deuterium retention in mixed Be-W-D codeposited layers

Erosion and fuel retentions of various reduced-activation ferritic martensitic steel grades exposed to deuterium plasma

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