2019
DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab4165
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Developed river deltas: are they sustainable?

Abstract: Background. Coastal river deltas provide multiple ecosystem services. Many deltas serve as major centers of agriculture, industry and commerce. The annual economic benefits derived from major deltas are often a substantial fraction of a country's GDP. Yet, many deltas are losing land due to erosion, subsidence and subsequent flooding. Such vulnerabilities are often increased due to local land and water management decisions, relative sea-level rise, and increases in climate extremes. Aim of this review. Conside… Show more

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Cited by 65 publications
(39 citation statements)
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“…Less obvious impacts include the rerouting of normal sediment accumulation and increased erosion caused by built urban drainage systems (Russell et al, 2017). Damning rivers for water storage further traps sediment supplies and decreases deposition, particularly endangering urban deltas (e.g., Loucks, 2019). Compacting soils under heavy buildings cannot be refreshed by new deposition, and uncovered areas are subject to high erosion rates.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Less obvious impacts include the rerouting of normal sediment accumulation and increased erosion caused by built urban drainage systems (Russell et al, 2017). Damning rivers for water storage further traps sediment supplies and decreases deposition, particularly endangering urban deltas (e.g., Loucks, 2019). Compacting soils under heavy buildings cannot be refreshed by new deposition, and uncovered areas are subject to high erosion rates.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The river discharges, on average, 4000 million m 3 of freshwater and 3 million tonnes of sediments annually, which enter the ocean near Kipini at Ungwana Bay [4]. The Tana Delta area and associated ecosystems cover an area of 1300 km 2 . The Delta is subject to frequent flooding and changes in the network of channels and canals.…”
Section: Study Areamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…River deltas provide multiple ecosystem services and are major centres of agriculture, industry and commerce globally [1], making them vulnerable to intensive development and unsustainable utilization [2]. These ecosystems are, however, facing degradation [2] through erosion, subsistence and subsequent flooding. River deltas are home to a half-billion or more people and have uncharacteristically high population densities and support high biodiversity [3].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…By 2050, 1 billion people will live in low-lying coastal zones and river deltas ( 1 ), areas that are also of paramount importance for regional and global food security ( 2 4 ). The majority of the world’s most productive and densely populated coastal areas, such as the deltas of the Mekong ( 5 7 ), Irrawaddy ( 8 ), Ganges-Brahmaputra ( 9 ), Nile ( 10 ), and Mississippi ( 11 ), are experiencing significant subsidence and land loss as a result of reduced sediment supply from upstream basins, unsustainable management of water and sediment in the deltas, and global sea-level rise ( 12 , 13 ).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hard engineering approaches maintain some heavily subsided deltas ( 4 ) but come at the cost of major capital investments and lock-ins into nonsustainable conditions ( 3 , 15 ). An alternative is to maintain or increase the natural resilience of river deltas, i.e., their ability to recover from shocks and adapt to change through natural processes ( 3 ).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%