Developing a combustion-driven reactor for waste conversion

Applied smouldering for co-waste management: Benefits and trade-offs

“…Smouldering combustion is emerging as a valuable application for many environmentally beneficial purposes such as: (i) land remediation [1], (ii) hazardous liquid management [2,3], (iii) decentralized sanitation [4,5], (iv) pyrolysis/torrefaction [6][7][8][9][10], (v) wastewater sludge treatment [11][12][13], (vi) organic waste treatment [14][15][16], and (vii) resource recovery/generation [17][18][19][20]. In all these cases, smouldering can be harnessed to generate energy from traditionally problematic wastes, such as those with high moisture contents (e.g., biomass sludges [15,21,22]) and low volatility (e.g., coal tars and heavy oils [2,3,[23][24][25]).…”