Developing a Mobile Mapping System for 3D GIS and Smart City Planning

Abstract

The creation of augmented reality-related geographic information system (GIS) mapping applications has witnessed considerable advances in the technology of urban modeling; however, there are limitations to the technology that is currently used to create similar resources. The cost of the creation of the vehicle is an obstacle, and the rendering of textures of buildings is often lacking because of the distortion caused by the types of lenses that have been used. Generally, mobile mapping systems (MMSs) can extract detailed three-dimensional (3D) data with high quality texture information of the 3D building model. However, mapping urban areas by MMSs is expensive and requires advanced mathematical approaches with complicated steps. In particular, commercial MMS, which generally includes two GPS receivers, is an expensive device, costing ~$1 million. Thus, this research is aimed at developing a new MMS that semi-automatically produces high-quality texture information of 3D building models proposes a 3D urban model by hybrid approaches. Eventually, this study can support urban planners and people to improve their spatial perception and awareness of urban area for Smart City Planning.

Mapping the Knowledge Domain of Smart-City Research: A Bibliometric and Scientometric Analysis

“…Based on this, Nam and Pardo [59] further analyzed the conditions of a smart-city development considering technology, people, and institutions. Neirotti et al [49] explored the smart-city development in relation to economic, urban, demographic, and geographic variables [13,61]; And Castelnovo et al [62] stated that citizens should be the center of the process of assessment; Boes et al [63] think that cities will become "smarter" by increasing their investment in soft power and human capital in the process of building "smart" tourism; follow-up research has continued to study the roles of human and social capital, ICTs, and participatory governance in improving quality of life [2,39,[56][57][58].…”

“…The construction goals can be categorized as urban industrial development, urban operational efficiency, urban technological innovation, and urban life and leisure. Based on these goals, the current development-strategy research focuses mainly on: (1) Tapping the driving forces of smart-city development and innovation, deepening the integration of digital technologies, and researching new ideas and models [55,72,83,139]; (2) developing top-level smart-city design and phased action plans to improve smart-city evaluation standards and norms [13,[59][60][61];…”

“…The construction goals can be categorized as urban industrial development, urban operational efficiency, urban technological innovation, and urban life and leisure. Based on these goals, the current development-strategy research focuses mainly on: (1) Tapping the driving forces of smart-city development and innovation, deepening the integration of digital technologies, and researching new ideas and models [55,72,83,139]; (2) developing top-level smart-city design and phased action plans to improve smart-city evaluation standards and norms [13,[59][60][61]; (3) exploring the transformation of government functions and models of social management, focusing on e-democracy and multi-sectoral communications within policy formulation and urban governance, considering the relationships among governments, businesses, academia, and communities in relation to "intelligent vision", and building a government-led, multiparticipate, and multidisciplinary collaborative mechanism for constructing smart cities [3,50,51].…”

Use of GIS Tools in Sustainable Heritage Management—The Importance of Data Generalization in Spatial Modeling

“…The processing functions include transforming, analyzing, aggregating, and generalizing. GIS software allows spatial analysis using a variety of methods, the most popular include: overlay analysis, spatial interpolation, spatial data exploration, hot spot analysis, or kernel density estimation; this type of research finds application in a number of areas, e.g., bathymetry [29], spatial planning [30], location selection [31,32], environmental protection and disaster reduction capability [33][34][35][36][37], spatial and distribution patterns [38][39][40][41], demography [42], as well as many others. Using GIS software, the data can be visualized using many cartographic visualization methods, such as: cartogram, cartodiagram, range method, dot map, etc.…”

Integration and evaluation of SLAM-based backpack mobile mapping system

“…vehicle-borne and air-borne mobile mapping system has been widely used in urban high-precision 3D mapping [1]. However, with the development of geographic information and the construction of smart cities [2], the demand for 3D information acquisition in indoor and underground Spaces is increasing rapidly. The highly integrated backpack mapping system is portable and flexible, which is suitable for indoor and outdoor mobile mapping.…”