Developing a Valid and Reliable Gender Analysis Tool Applied in Disaster Management: A Community-Based Survey

Abstract

Objectives: Women and men are assigned roles and responsibilities based on their gender in all contexts. Measuring gender-based differences through gender analysis can help understand who will be at greater risk in disasters. Thus, the present study is aimed to develop a valid and reliable gender analysis tool to collect accurate and necessary gender-disaggregated information in disaster-affected regions. Methods: A mix method approach using qualitative and quantitative studies was applied for conducting this study. A total of 20 people affected by the earthquakes and floods and 10 key informants were interviewed in the qualitative stage. The validity and reliability of the tool were measured using the experts as well as women and men living in the destroyed villages of Razavi Khorasan province during the quantitative stage. The Graneheim approach and SPSS software were used to analyze the data collected in both stages. Results: At the first stage, 7 categories were extracted from the data, namely, livelihood status, social status, health, household/family management, reconstruction, welfare and educational facilities, and disaster prevention. The results of content validity ratio (0.69) and content validity index (0.88) confirmed that the tool is valid. The amount of Cronbach’s alpha (0.75) and test-retest (0.83) examination indicated that the tool was also reliable. The results of content validity and reliability measurements approved that the gender analysis tool can be applied for postdisaster gender analysis surveys. Conclusions: It is highly suggested to use the information provided by the gender analysis tool for future disaster management plans, programs, and policies in health systems.

Assessment of Intraorganizational Collaboration in the health sector during Disasters

“…This approach could help identify, clarify, and understand the concept, antecedents, and consequences of collaboration deeply and also facilitate its improvement. [ 8 30 31 40 41 42 ] A deep understanding of the concept of collaboration by health care providers results in an improvement in resource allocation, quality of service delivery, and people's health situation during disasters. [ 9 ] So the present tool with 85 questions in six categories, all input, process, and output factors was considered and confirmed.…”

“…[ 15 ] Collaboration improvement using the results of collaboration assessment and outcomes like any reform effort in the health systems requires the support, participation, and commitment of all stakeholders. [ 30 31 42 44 45 ] The importance of this issue is such that its existence or nonexistence determines the success or failure of collaboration,[ 28 ] so it should be considered as a vital factor.…”

“…Totally, a valid and reliable assessment tool can help identify deficits and the domains that need to be changed[ 28 29 ] and provide accurate data for improving policies and plans. [ 30 ] For filling this gap, the present study aimed to design and validate a tool for assessing intraorganizational collaboration of the health sector in disaster management that can lead to improving collaboration among subunits of the health sector during disasters.…”

Enhancing earthquake preparedness knowledge and practice among Nepalese immigrants residing in Japan

“…A panel of seven Nepali experts from the United States (n = 1), Nepal (n = 3) and Japan (n = 3), who had substantial contributions to the field of disaster management was formed. They were asked to review the 61 itemed questionnaire and provide their responses in a four-point Likert scale ranging from “Highly relevant” to “Not relevant” 37 , 38 . Experts were asked to choose “Highly relevant” if they think the items were relevant and applicable to Nepalese immigrants residing in Japan, whereas they were requested to score “Quite relevant” if the items were relevant but needed slight modifications.…”

The development of perception scale of gender role in disaster management and the examination with related factors

“…These programs can be achieved by determining and activating the perceptions of people. Although the current literature has established the role of gender in disaster risk reduction (Kanchana et al, 2009;Sohrabizadeh, 2016), the limited studies have been conducted to examine reliable and valid Gender role in disaster management instruments aimed at measuring gender perception through scale in disaster management (Sohrabizadeh et al, 2020).…”