“…In recent years, the idea of inclusive environments such as age-friendly cities have been developed in 25 countries worldwide, including Japan, the United Kingdom, United States, Australia and Canada (Buffel et al, 2014;Fitzgerald & Caro, 2014;Kendig, Elias, Matwijiw, & Anstey, 2014;Menec et al, 2011;Scharlach, 2012;World Health Organization, 2012). The concept of age-friendly cities is that they are designed with all citizens, but especially older people, in mind, with the creation of environments that are inclusive and empowering of older people (Buffel & Phillipson, 2018).…”