Developing ammonia based thermochemical energy storage for dish power plants

Lovegrove, Keith; Luzzi, Andreas; Soldiani, I; Kreetz, Holger

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2003.07.020

Cited by 148 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The major disadvantage of molten salts is their relatively high melting temperature (149C for HITEC XL relative to 15C for Caloria  and 12C for Therminol VP-1  ), which necessitates special measures such as the use of fossil fuels or electric heating to maintain the salts above their melting temperatures in order to avoid serious damage to the equipment when solar power is unavailable at night or in poor weather conditions. Thermal energy storage [6][7][8] for solar thermal power plants [9][10][11][12] offers the potential to deliver electricity without fossil fuel backup as well as to meet peak demand, independent of weather fluctuations. The current baseline design for SEGS plants uses Therminol VP-1 as the heat transfer fluid in the collector field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal analysis of solar thermal energy storage in a molten-salt thermocline

2010

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A comprehensive, two-temperature model is developed to investigate energy storage in a molten-salt thermocline. The commercially available molten salt HITEC is considered for illustration with quartzite rocks as the filler. Heat transfer between the molten salt and quartzite rock is represented by an interstitial heat transfer coefficient. Volume-averaged mass and momentum equations are employed, with the Brinkman-Forchheimer extension to the Darcy law used to model the porous-medium resistance. The governing equations are solved using a finite-volume approach. The model is first validated against experiments from the literature and then used to systematically study the discharge behavior of thermocline thermal storage system. Thermal characteristics including temperature profiles and discharge efficiency are explored. Guidelines are developed for designing solar thermocline systems. The discharge efficiency is found to be improved at small Reynolds numbers and larger tank heights. The filler particle size strongly influences the interstitial heat transfer rate, and thus the discharge efficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal analysis of solar thermal energy storage in a molten-salt thermocline

2010

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“…As an exothermic reaction as written, it releases heat raising the entropy of its environment. Technology to allow solar energy to be stored in a system operating in sunlight and then to be reversed at night has already been well developed at a pilot scale (Lovegrove et al, 2004) and is awaiting investment. This approach would be very appropriate for decentralised power generation, using portable factory units able to be installed from pre-fabricated units.…”

Section: Ammonia As Feedstock For H 2 Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there is a prospect for making H 2 which is a highly desired clean fuel, ammonia itself is an excellent fuel, releasing 317 kJ per mol of ammonia burnt (ΔH = -317 kJ/mol). (Lovegrove et al, 2004). Thus, one tonne of ammonia would yield 19.2 GJ of energy, worth $US255, or $US25.5 yield per ha as electricity.…”

Section: Ammonia As Feedstock For H 2 Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, ammonia from farm-forests has the potential to be used in small scale electricity stations, forming H 2 by day while generating solar power and releasing heat by night allowing continuing power generation from steam (Lovegrove et al, 2004). Such flexibility can be contrasted with the very large economic inertia when chemical products are manufactured in super-large installations by the Haber process or power is generated in facilities able to supply whole states with millions of consumers..…”

Section: Ammonia As Feedstock For H 2 Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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N2-Fixing Trees for Profitable Farm Forestry

Kennedy¹,

Ganguli²

2016

AgricultForest

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“…In this method heat is used to enact the endothermic reaction of a reversible chemical process, when the heat is later required the separated reagents are brought together to enact the exothermic process and recoup the stored energy. The separation of ammonia (N H 3 ) is discussed at length in [26].…”

Section: Thermal Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of Storage for Concentrated Solar Power Plants

et al. 2014

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The proliferation of non-scheduled generation from renewable electrical energy sources such concentrated solar power (CSP) presents a need for enabling scheduled generation by incorporating energy storage; either via directly coupled Thermal Energy Storage (TES) or Electrical Storage Systems (ESS) distributed within the electrical network or grid. The challenges for 100% renewable energy generation are: to minimise capitalisation cost and to maximise energy dispatch capacity. The aims of this review article are twofold: to review storage technologies and to survey the most appropriate optimisation techniques to determine optimal operation and size of storage of a system to operate in the Australian National Energy Market (NEM). Storage technologies are reviewed to establish indicative characterisations of energy density, conversion efficiency, charge/discharge rates and costings. A partitioning of optimisation techniques based on methods most appropriate for various time scales is performed: from "whole of year", seasonal, monthly, weekly and daily averaging to those best suited matching the NEM bid timing of five minute dispatch bidding, averaged on the half hour as the trading settlement spot price. Finally, a selection of the most promising research directions and methods to determine the optimal operation and sizing of storage for renewables in the grid is presented.

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Developing ammonia based thermochemical energy storage for dish power plants

Cited by 148 publications

References 6 publications

Thermal analysis of solar thermal energy storage in a molten-salt thermocline

Thermal analysis of solar thermal energy storage in a molten-salt thermocline

N2-Fixing Trees for Profitable Farm Forestry

Optimisation of Storage for Concentrated Solar Power Plants

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