Developing an Optical Interferometric Detection Method based biosensor for detecting specific SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins in Serum and Saliva, and their corresponding ELISA correlation

Abstract

The standard rapid approach for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA. The detection of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins is crucial for screening people who have been exposed to the virus, whether or not they presented symptoms. Recent publications report different methods for the detection of specific IgGs, IgMs, and IgAs against SARS-CoV-2; these methods mainly detect immunoglobulins in the serum using conventional techniques such as rapid lateral flow tests or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this article, we report the production of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the development of a rapid, reliable, cost-effective test, capable of detecting immunoglobulins in serum and saliva samples. This method is based on interferometric optical detection. The results obtained using this method and those obtained using ELISA were compared. Owing to its low cost and simplicity, this test can be used periodically for the early detection, surveillance, detection of immunity, and control of the spread of COVID-19.

Characterization of Serum and Mucosal SARS-CoV-2-Antibodies in HIV-1-Infected Subjects after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 Infection

“…Other groups recently reported mucosal antibodies both after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. In most of those studies, spike-specific saliva antibodies could be detected at higher frequencies than in our study [ 31 , 35 , 40 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. This difference could be influenced by the method of saliva sample collection.…”

“…In our study, saliva was sampled by spitting into a collection tube, while other studies utilized oral swabs or mouthwash samples [ 52 ]. In some reports, the saliva samples were concentrated after a centrifugation step [ 52 , 53 ], treated with additives [ 35 ] or heat-inactivated [ 40 ]. Furthermore, different serological assays were used for the measurement of antibodies.…”

Diagnostic assay and technology advancement for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections causing the COVID-19 pandemic

“…com/ psisars-cov-2-biose nsor/). Subsequently, a quick, efficient, and cost-effective interferometric optical biosensor test capable of detecting immunoglobulins in serum and saliva samples was developed [156]. We expect that developing real-time, inexpensive, label-free nanophotonic biosensors will open up new possibilities for detecting COVID-19 in a timely and effective manner [157].…”

New Label-Free Biosensing for the Evaluation of the AX-024 Inhibitor: Case Study for the Development of New Drugs in Autoimmune Diseases

“…This signal is defined as the quotient of the optical power of two interferometers: signal (I Sig ) and reference (I Ref ) interferometers in a certain optical band, given by the light source employed. Furthermore, the device has been correlated by ELISA technique using several applications [ 22 , 23 ].…”