Developing and Validating a Questionnaire to Measure Spirituality: A Psychometric Process

Abstract

The purpose of the paper is to describe the processes undertaken to evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire developed to measure spirituality and examine the relationship between spirituality and coping in young adults with diabetes.The specific validation processes used were: content and face validity, construct validity using factor analysis, reliability and internal consistency using test-retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient.The exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors: self-awareness, the importance of spiritual beliefs, spiritual practices, and spiritual needs. The items on the Spirituality Questionnaire (SQ) revealed factor loading 0.5. Reliability processes indicated that the SQ is reliable: Cronbach's alpha 0.94 for the global SQ and between 0.80-0.91 for the four subscales. Test-retest statistic examination revealed stability of the responses at two time points 10 weeks apart.The final questionnaire consists of 29 items and the psychometrics indicated that it is valid and reliable.

Reliability and validity of spirituality questionnaire by Parsian and Dunning in the Spanish version

“…Although this objective is directed at qualitative approaches, the construct needs to be measured objectively as well, with a view to establishing care and interventions (17) . (18) and centered on their professed religion (2) instead of their existential perspective (19) . The approach of this measure based on the characteristics inherent in the specific period of youth has not been included either, which is why the validation of an instrument that attends to these needs creates the possibility of further research related to this construct in this population group.…”

“…In the later, an instrument is available, developed in Australia, which focuses on the spirituality concept based on the internal identity, the meaning of life and young people's connection with themselves and with a higher power and with the environment (2) . It was constructed and uses a four-point Likert scale, ranging from strongly disagree (1), disagree (2), agree (3), strongly agree (4).…”

“…To support the development of the doctoral dissertation entitled Self-transcendence, Spirituality and Well-Being in Emerging Adult College Students with no or moderate Alcohol Consumption, the reliability and validity of the instrument "Spirituality Questionnaire" (2) had to be determined, which would be part of the set of instruments used in the project and whose psychometric properties had not been determined in Spanish.…”

“…The first focuses on religion, religiosity and religious practices and commitments. The second approach reconstructs spirituality in a perspective that adopts a broader view of God, including the values and principles that gives meaning and purpose to life (9) .In the later, an instrument is available, developed in Australia, which focuses on the spirituality concept based on the internal identity, the meaning of life and young people's connection with themselves and with a higher power and with the environment (2) . It was constructed …”

Three questionnaires to assess the perception of fixed orthodontic therapy before, during and after treatment: validity and reliability

“…It measures the appropriateness of the content of the questionnaire, which can be regarded as 'on the face of it', by evaluating its appearance in terms of relevance to the construct, clarity of the language and readability, style and formatting consistency and feasibility. It can be evaluated by experts and respondents as well (2,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”