Developing Functional Relationships between Soil Waterlogging and Corn Shoot and Root Growth and Development

Walne, Charles Hunt; Reddy, K. Raja

doi:10.3390/plants10102095

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The potential root and shoot growth and developmental parameters under optimum temperature conditions (Figure 9 and Table 4) and the relative response indices (Figure 8) under a wide range of temperatures under sun-lit conditions similar to field environments should be helpful to develop new subroutines or improve corn simulation models [37,39,40] for field applications and in policy areas [42]. In addition, the influence of other environmental stress actors, such as ultraviolet-b radiation [43], soil waterlogging [44], nutrients [45], and water stress [46] on corn growth and developmental processes are required to decrease the corn growth under field conditions further. Future research should also address reproductive yield and grain quality as a function of temperature under optimum water and nutrient conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Effects on the Shoot and Root Growth, Development, and Biomass Accumulation of Corn (Zea mays L.)

Walne

Reddy

2022

Agriculture

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Temperature is a critical environmental factor regulating plant growth and yield. Corn is a major agronomic crop produced globally over a vast geographic region, and highly variable climatic conditions occur spatially and temporally throughout these regions. Current literature lacks a comprehensive study comparing the effects of temperature on above versus below-ground growth and development and biomass partitioning of corn measured over time. An experiment was conducted to quantify the impact of temperature on corn’s early vegetative growth and development. Cardinal temperatures (Tmin, Topt, and Tmax) were estimated for different aspects of above- and below-ground growth processes. Plants were subjected to five differing day/night temperature treatments of 20/12, 25/17, 30/22, 35/27, and 40/32 °C using sun-lit controlled environment growth chambers for four weeks post-emergence. Corn plant height, leaves, leaf area, root length, surface area, volume, numbers of tips and forks, and plant component part dry weights were measured weekly. Cardinal temperatures were estimated, and the relationships between parameters and temperature within these cardinal limits were estimated using a modified beta function model. Cardinal temperature limits for whole plant dry weight production were 13.5 °C (Tmin), 30.5 °C (Topt), and 38 °C (Tmax). Biomass resources were prioritized to the root system at low temperatures and leaves at high temperatures. Root growth displayed the lowest optimum temperature compared to root development, shoot growth, and shoot development. The estimated cardinal temperatures and functional algorithms produced in this study, which include both above and below-ground aspects of plant growth, could be helpful to update crop models and could be beneficial to estimate corn growth under varying temperature conditions. These results could also be applicable when considering management decisions for maximizing field production and implementing emerging precision agriculture technology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Effects on the Shoot and Root Growth, Development, and Biomass Accumulation of Corn (Zea mays L.)

Walne

Reddy

2022

Agriculture

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“…The leaf samples collected from different experiments were dried in a forced drier at 70 °C until a constant weight was reached. In brief, 12 plant types (Table 2) were grown under different climatic (UV-B, low and high temperatures, elevated CO 2 ) or soil variables (low nutrient, water logging, salt, and drought) using Soil Plant Atmosphere Research (SPAR) chambers [41][42][43][44] , outdoor pot culture 45 , and field conditions following www.nature.com/scientificreports/ the appropriate institutional guidelines. Leaf samples collected across experiments were coarsely ground using a tumbler grinding method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fine grinding on mid-infrared spectroscopic analysis of plant leaf nutrient content

Whatley

Wijewardane

Bheemanahalli

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Fourier transform mid infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy combined with modeling techniques has been studied as a useful tool for multivariate chemical analysis in agricultural research. A drawback of this method is the sample preparation requirement, in which samples must be dried and fine ground for accurate model calibrations. For research involving large sample sets, this may dramatically increase the time and cost of analysis. This study investigates the effect of fine grinding on model performance using leaf tissue from a variety of crop species. Dried leaf samples (N = 300) from various environmental conditions were obtained with data on 11 nutrients measured using chemical methods. The samples were scanned with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and diffuse reflectance (DRIFT) FT-MIR techniques. Scanning was repeated after fine grinding for 2, 5, and 10 min. The spectra were analyzed for the 11 nutrients using partial least squares regression with a 75%/25% split for calibration and validation and repeated for 50 iterations. All analytes except for boron, iron, and zinc were well-modeled (average R2 > 0.7), with higher R2 values on ATR spectra. The 5 min level of fine grinding was found to be most optimal considering overall model performance and sample preparation time.

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“…Five levels of soil moisture regimes with 20 replicates for each treatment were created based on the United States Drought Monitor Index (USDM, 2023) to mimic drought conditions during flowering and grain‐filling periods. The soil moisture regimes were maintained by varying levels of VWC, with a control of 0.25 m 3 m −3 , and stress treatments with VWC levels of 0.20 (mild), 0.15 (moderate), 0.10 (severe), and 0.05 (extreme) m 3 m −3 , as described in the previous study (Vennam et al, 2023). Different irrigation durations were employed to accomplish the desired VWC levels, with 1000 ml plant −1 day −1 as the control, and a reduced irrigation of 800, 600, 400, and 200 ml plant −1 day −1 to induce soil moisture stress (Figure 1A, B).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of soil moisture stress during the silk emergence and grain‐filling in maize

Vennam,

Poudel,

Ramamoorthy

et al. 2023

Physiologia Plantarum

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Suboptimal soil moisture during the growing season often limits maize growth and yield. However, the growth stage‐specific responses of maize to soil moisture regimes have not been thoroughly investigated. This study investigated the response of maize to five different soil moisture regimes, that are, 0.25, 0.20, 0.15, 0.10, and 0.05 m3 m−3 volumetric water content (VWC), during flowering and grain‐filling stages. Sub‐optimal soil moisture at the flowering and grain‐filling stages reduced ear leaf stomatal conductance by 73 and 64%, respectively. An increase in stress severity caused significant reductions in ear leaf chlorophyll content and greenness‐associated vegetation indices across growth stages. Fourteen days of soil moisture stress during flowering delayed silk emergence, reduced silk length (19%), and silk fresh weight (34%). Furthermore, sub‐optimal soil moisture caused a significant reduction in both kernel number (53%) and weight (54%). Soil moisture stress at the flowering had a direct impact on kernel number and an indirect effect on kernel weight. During grain‐filling, disruption of ear leaf physiology resulted in a 34% decrease in kernel weight and a 43% decrease in kernel number. Unlike grain‐filling, treatments at the flowering significantly reduced kernel starch (3%) and increased protein by 29%. These findings suggest that developing reproductive stage stress‐tolerant hybrids with improved resilience to soil moisture stress could help reduce the yield gap between irrigated and rainfed maize.

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Developing Functional Relationships between Soil Waterlogging and Corn Shoot and Root Growth and Development

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Temperature Effects on the Shoot and Root Growth, Development, and Biomass Accumulation of Corn (Zea mays L.)

Temperature Effects on the Shoot and Root Growth, Development, and Biomass Accumulation of Corn (Zea mays L.)

Effects of fine grinding on mid-infrared spectroscopic analysis of plant leaf nutrient content

Impact of soil moisture stress during the silk emergence and grain‐filling in maize

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