Developing microbiological risk assessment for shellfish purification

Lee, R.J.; Younger, Andrew

doi:10.1016/s0964-8305(02)00084-7

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This indicators can be found in monitoring programmes of bivalve harvesting areas worldwide (ASQAAC 2002;CFIA et al 2004;Lee and Younger 2002). Until recently, Portuguese legislation intended to control the sanitary quality on the commercial production of bivalve molluscs prescribed an end-product standard of 3×10 2 fecal coliforms/100 g of bivalve (flesh and intravalvular liquid) for live bivalves intended to be placed on the market (Anon 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal Coliforms in Bivalve Harvesting Areas of the Alvor Lagoon (Southern Portugal): Influence of Seasonal Variability and Urban Development

Campos

Cachola

2007

Environ Monit Assess

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Faecal coliform (FC) levels in surface water and clams (Ruditapes decussatus) and variations in environmental parameters were studied in two bivalve harvesting areas in the Alvor lagoon (southern Portugal). Land use and cover characteristics in adjacent subwatersheds were also analysed to assess their contributions as sources of faecal contamination. High FC levels in clams from the harvesting area in the most urbanized subwatershed (impervious surface coverage approximately 10.5%) were positively associated with rainfall and with the cooler periods of the year. FC levels in clams from the least urbanized subwatershed were generally very low and did not present any detectable seasonal trend. From these results, it was concluded that the periodic deterioration of the microbiological quality of clams derives from the cumulative impact of the reservoir of faecal contamination created in urbanized areas, entering into the lagoon during storm water runoff.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal Coliforms in Bivalve Harvesting Areas of the Alvor Lagoon (Southern Portugal): Influence of Seasonal Variability and Urban Development

Campos

Cachola

2007

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Human noroviruses (NoV) are the most frequently implicated etiological agents of sporadic cases and community outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis associated with the consumption of shellfish contaminated with fecal pollution (8,9,10,11). Noroviruses belong to the family Caliciviridae and comprise five genogroups on the basis of sequence similarity; of these, genogroup I (GI) and genogroup II (GII) are more frequently associated with human outbreaks (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Transmission of Human Noroviruses in Shellfish Waters

Campos

Lees

2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Human noroviruses (NoV) are the most common cause of epidemic gastroenteritis following consumption of bivalve shellfish contaminated with fecal matter. NoV levels can be effectively reduced by some sewage treatment processes such as activated sludge and membrane bioreactors. However, tertiary sewage treatment and substantial sewage dilution are usually required to achieve low concentrations of virus in shellfish. Most outbreaks have been associated with shellfish harvested from waters affected by untreated sewage from, for example, storm overflows or overboard disposal of feces from boats. In coastal waters, NoV can remain in suspension or associate with organic and inorganic matter and be accumulated by shellfish. Shellfish take considerably longer to purge NoV than fecal indicator bacteria when transferred from sewage-polluted estuarine waters to uncontaminated waters. The abundance and distribution of NoV in shellfish waters are influenced by the levels of sewage treatment, proximity of shellfish beds to sewage sources, rainfall, river flows, salinity, and water temperature. Detailed site-specific information on these factors is required to design measures to control the viral risk.

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“…Although Arnold (1991) restricted the role of this type of depuration to remove bacterial contamination, others emphasized and encouraged it for reducing the toxicity of heavy metals (Wilson, 1980;Hung et al, 2001;El-Shenawy, 2004;Katayon et al, 2004) and petroleum hydrocarbons (Lee et al, 1972;Stegman and Teal, 1973;Linden et al, 1979;Clement et al, 1980;Rainio et al, 1986;Rantamaki, 1997). Many factors influence the degree of depuration as follows: the system design, initial water quality, oxygenation and flow rates, salinity, temperature, shellfish-to-water ratios, removal and settlement of faecal material, types of pollutants in seawater and the period of purification (Lee and Younger, 2002;Manfra and Accorneo, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of depuration on heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, and microbial contamination levels in Paphia undulata (Bivalvia: Veneridae)

El-Gamal¹

2011

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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ABSTRACT:The depuration of 8 heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr, Co and Cd), total petroleum hydrocarbons and pathogenic bacteria of Paphia undulata was tested and the survival of depurated clams was evaluated. Investigated samples were collected from Ismailia, Egypt. The initial metal concentrations were significantly higher in the whole soft tissues than in water and sediment except for Mn. After 24 h depuration, Zn, Pb, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr and Cd were significantly reduced to 44, 23, 25, 17, 61, 41, and 75%, respectively. After three days of depuration the reduction was significant only for Cu, Cr, Co and Cd (27, 15, 23 and 52%, respectively). The total petroleum hydrocarbons were reduced significantly to 72% after three days of depuration, while after 24 h they were reduced to 90% compared to their initial concentrations. Four pathogenic bacteria were identified in the soft tissues of P. undulata (Vibrio sp., Shigella sp., Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.). After one-day depuration the results evidenced the mean microbial reduction to 75, 31, 68, and 36%, respectively, compared to their initial counts. After three days of depuration the counts of Vibrio sp. and Salmonella sp. were reduced to 3% and 8%, respectively, while Escherichia coli was not detected on the third day. Shigella sp. was increased by 22% compared to the first day of depuration. The viability and mortality were not influenced by the depurative treatment.

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Developing microbiological risk assessment for shellfish purification

Cited by 38 publications

References 15 publications

Faecal Coliforms in Bivalve Harvesting Areas of the Alvor Lagoon (Southern Portugal): Influence of Seasonal Variability and Urban Development

Faecal Coliforms in Bivalve Harvesting Areas of the Alvor Lagoon (Southern Portugal): Influence of Seasonal Variability and Urban Development

Environmental Transmission of Human Noroviruses in Shellfish Waters

The effect of depuration on heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, and microbial contamination levels in Paphia undulata (Bivalvia: Veneridae)

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