2001
DOI: 10.3201/eid0706.010602
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Developing New Smallpox Vaccines

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Cited by 121 publications
(92 citation statements)
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“…Nevertheless, it is important that the mechanism of protection by MVA seemed to involve a set of responses similar in type to those mediating protection by the Wyeth vaccine strain, indicating that the two are qualitatively similar, if not quantitatively equal. This mechanistic similarity is important in evaluating these attenuated viruses as potential smallpox vaccines using surrogate indicators, given that they cannot be tested explicitly for protection of humans against smallpox because experimental challenge is unethical and natural infection with smallpox is no longer known to occur (1,41). The higher dose required may in part compensate for the lack of replication in vivo, and boosting may be required to achieve comparable antibody titers (L.S.W., P.E., and B.M., unpublished observations).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Nevertheless, it is important that the mechanism of protection by MVA seemed to involve a set of responses similar in type to those mediating protection by the Wyeth vaccine strain, indicating that the two are qualitatively similar, if not quantitatively equal. This mechanistic similarity is important in evaluating these attenuated viruses as potential smallpox vaccines using surrogate indicators, given that they cannot be tested explicitly for protection of humans against smallpox because experimental challenge is unethical and natural infection with smallpox is no longer known to occur (1,41). The higher dose required may in part compensate for the lack of replication in vivo, and boosting may be required to achieve comparable antibody titers (L.S.W., P.E., and B.M., unpublished observations).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…States, Dryvax, is burdened by a risk of adverse effects and even some mortality (1), and it is considered very risky to immunize the population that is immunocompromised by AIDS, chemotherapy for cancer, or immunosuppression following organ transplant. Such immunosuppressed individuals were much less prevalent before the cessation of universal smallpox vaccination in 1972, making the potential morbidity and mortality rates from vaccination likely to be higher today than during the smallpox eradication campaign.…”
Section: T He Licensed Smallpox Vaccine Currently In Use In the Unitedmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Unfortunately, however, immunization with the vaccinia has been associated with significant complications, particularly in immunocompromised individuals [3]. Thus, an increased understanding of the host's immune responses in the context of viral pathogenesis during a VV infection is of critical importance.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Eram disponíveis nos EUA cerca de 15 milhões de doses, produzidas décadas antes. Em cálculos efetuados quanto ao número de doses necessárias para controlar a disseminação a partir de um foco, foi lembrada a experiência na Iugoslávia, que em 1972 teve que aplicar 18 milhões de doses por causa de um único caso 14 . Assim sendo, o governo dos EUA solicitou aos quatro laboratórios do país com capacidade industrial de produção desta vacina, e posteriormente a um laboratório francês, que trabalhassem em regime de urgência para dotar o país de, no mínimo, 40 milhões de doses, mas se possível 60 milhões, até o fim de 2001.…”
Section: A Varíola E O Bioterrorismounclassified