Developing Smart Buildings Using Blockchain, Internet of Things, and Building Information Modeling

Abstract

Building information modeling (BIM) is a revolutionary technology that provides all the necessary mechanisms to achieve end-to-end communication, data exchange and information sharing between project actors, leading to smarter outcomes for communities and more efficient projects for AEC service providers. 3D models generated in the context of engaging in the BIM process and as-delivered physical assets through building management systems (BMS) adopt Internet of Things (IoT) architectures and services. However, the orchestration of IoT devices in a highly modular environment with many moving parts and inter-dependencies between the stakeholders of this environment, lead to many security issues. This article focuses on applying novel technologies in the construction industry, such as BIM, IoT, and Blockchain, but also on examining their interconnection and interoperability on a proposed system architecture on a case of a building (museum), where efficient security, management and monitoring are considered crucial factors for the unobstructed operation of the organization that hosts.

Applications of distributed ledger technology (DLT) and Blockchain-enabled smart contracts in construction

“…The linking of data to different phases of the lifecycle results in provenance data to increase transparency and traceability in operations and maintenance [92]. Data quality and security is achieved as a result of integrating blockchain into the building management system of a smart museum to control access to a building, allow information updates and block unauthorised access to information regarding building operations [158].…”

Internet of Things-Building Information Modeling Integration: Attacks, Challenges, and Countermeasures

“…Peculiar Issues/Problems Organisational Culture BIM students' learning curve [24]; insufficient management commitment [77]; leadership challenges and need for managerial assistance [39]; difficulties in managing process change [78]; lack of teamwork, the necessity for sharing information between people, and confidence [28].…”

“…Several IoT-BIM benefits that have been recognized by researchers vary according to the short-term, long-term, or improved project or business investment. These benefits include sustainable improvement of the integrated data environment [78], design management, and knowledge. Additionally, design analysis, safety improvement, productivity, and real-time equipment monitoring are made possible at various project phases [52].…”

“…Drone-friendly equipment can be programmed to operate autonomously in monitoring zones. The drone is employed to monitor worker health and safety, as well as to conduct periodic monitoring of the construction site [78] Rebuilding of Supply Methods: The project requires an appropriate material supply for a smooth construction process [116]. However, because of the time-consuming nature of the delivery process, material cases are frequently delivered late on-site.…”

From Transitions to Transformation: A Brief Review of the Potential Impacts of COVID-19 on Boosting Digitization, Digitalization, and Systems Thinking in the Built Environment

“…Sassen [72] [55], we can see a wider appreciation of information-based approaches that are for long struggled to be adapted in the current practices of construction and the built environment. Hence, we see this boost for information modeling methods [79], enabling the intelligent technologies for better operations [80] and development of integrated building systems [81]. Altogether, the push for a faster process of digitization is just started.…”