“…Despite the technological sophistication of many students, studies show they are not prepared for online collaboration, because the aspects of virtuality and internationality add additional challenges to collaborating, for example, in communication, technology use, leadership, project management, and cultural diversity (Cleary et al, 2019; Robey et al, 2000). There is, thus, a need to train IOCCs for effectively working in international VTs (Ford et al, 2017; Wang & Haggerty, 2011).…”