“…Previous studies have reported that parenting efficacy is significantly correlated with a mother's self‐esteem (Tahmassian, Anari, & Fathabadi, ), parenting stress (Clulow & Donaghy, ; Tahmassian et al, ), parenting satisfaction (Coleman & Karraker, ), parenting behaviors (Thomas, Feeley, & Grier, ), children's behavioral problems (Tahmassian et al, ), social support (Ardelt & Eccles, ), and financial status (O'Neil, Wilson, Shaw, & Dishion, ). However, earlier studies conducted to explore individual relationships between parenting efficacy and related factors did not use a theoretical framework, or were not specifically focused on immigrant women.…”