Developing the patients' loyalty model for medical tourism industry: the case of Malaysia

Abstract

Medical tourism is nothing new for certain develop and developing countries. This industry is a good money generator to help economic growth and balance of payment of a country. This paper will identify several issues faced by Malaysia in its quest to remain competitive in this industry. The study is aimed to determine which factor is the most importance in providing a high contribution towards medical tourism. This research work assessed four dimensions under human capital construct, and also four dimensions under the physical infrastructure construct. The study also included one mediator construct linking the relationship between each exogenous construct and the intended endogenous construct namely the behavioural loyalty. The study employed stratified sampling method to obtain random sample from foreign tourists seeking treatments in three cities namely Kuala Lumpur, Malacca and Penang. The study utilises partial least square path modelling (PLS-PM). Finally, the result revealed that human capital, high technology, physical infrastructure, and patient satisfaction have positive impact on patient loyalty. Furthermore, the human capital construct was seemed the most importance factor in contributing to the success of medical tourism.

Sustainable Tourism: The Moderating Effect of Tourists’ Educational Background in the Relationship Between Green Practices and Customer Satisfaction

“…The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) procedure that was undertaken using IBM-SPSS-AMOS 21.0 was carried out to validate all constructs for reliability (composite reliability and construct reliability) and validity (construct validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity) in order to establish a measurement model [9,[72][73][74][75]. The results of the CFA are presented in Figure 2.…”

“…In terms of the green practice in explaining tourist satisfaction, it makes intuitive sense that those who embrace the tourism industry would distinguish the impact of tourism in the country in a positive manner. Given the fresh excitement of green tourism in Malaysia, according to [78,9], this likely reflects the tourists seeing the benefit of tourism, and enjoying as well as appreciating the environment. In [79] inferred that green practice is largely responsible for contributing to the positive impact on tourist satisfaction, as also highlighted in the current research.…”

“…Numerous theories have been put forth identifying the relationship between residents and tourists. Recently, the social exchange theory has been recognised as the most utilised model [8,9], and focuses on different perceptions of residents towards tourism development. Other known theories include the integrative theory of cross-cultural adaptation [10,11], social distance theory, intimacy theory, social representation theory and the contacthypothesis theory.…”

Local Accreditation in Outpatient Care as an Alternative to Attract Foreign Patients to Colombian Medical Travel: A Case Study in the City of Barranquilla

“…For Phua (2016), Afthanorhan et al (2017), and Das and Mukherjee (2016), the application of outpatient care protocols based on the three satisfaction factors in medical care and applied by the Colombian Institute of Technical Standards and Certification (ICONTEC) through its Health Accreditation program (consultation time [CT], patients’ follow up [FU], and patient-physician communication [PPC]) and analyzed through case notes, critical care pathways, and Kingston Case Notes system, contributes to analyzing patients’ satisfaction treated in foreign destinations.…”

Exploring and Developing Item Measuring Leadership Practices Inventory (Lpi): An Exploratory Factor Analysis Procedure

“…The factor loading for every item should be greater than 0.6 in order to be retained (Muda et al, 2018;Yahaya et al, 2018). The item needs to be deleted if it failed to achieve the minimum requirement for factor loading of 0.6 (Awang, 2015;Afthanorhan et al, 2017 andAwang et al, 2018). Table 4 presented the items and their respective factor loading.…”