Development and application of a generalised steady-state electrochemical model for a PEM fuel cell

Mann, R. F.; Amphlett, J. C.; Hooper, Michael; Jensen, Hans Henrik; Peppley, Brant A.; Roberge, P.R.

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(99)00484-x

Cited by 849 publications

(483 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…model 3, the limiting current density is the largest. This finding implies that the polarization curve in the regime close to the limiting current density is governed by the performance of the mass transfer across both the GDL and the catalyst layer, as commonly proposed in previous studies [23][24][25]. Similar phenomena were also found by Rho et al [26], who indicated that the drastic drop of voltage is due to the transport limitation of oxygen through the GDL, and a mixed gas with a higher oxygen leads to a higher limiting current density.…”

Section: Physical Explanation Of Performance Modelsupporting

confidence: 63%

Effects of porosity change of gas diffuser on performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Chu

Yeh

Chen

2003

Journal of Power Sources

163

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An investigation is made of the effects of the change of the porosity of the gas diffuser layer (GDL) on the performance of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The analysis of fuel cell performance with non-uniform porosity of GDL is a necessity because the presence of liquid water in the GDL leads to a non-uniformly distributed porosity in the GDL. To implement this performance analysis, a half-cell model which considers the oxygen mass fraction distribution in the gas channel, the GDL and the catalyst layer, and the current density and the membrane phase potential in the catalyst layer and the membrane is investigated. Four continuous functions of position are employed to describe the porosity, and differential equations are derived based on oxygen transportation and Ohm's law for proton migration and solved numerically. Results show that a fuel cell embedded with a GDL with a larger averaged porosity will consume a greater amount of oxygen, so that a higher current density is generated and a better fuel cell performance is obtained. This explains partly why fuel cell performance deteriorates significantly as the cathode is flooded with water (i.e. to give a lower effective porosity in the GDL). In terms of the system performance, a change in GDL porosity has virtually no influence on the level of polarization when the current density is medium or lower, but exerts a significant influence when the current density is high. This finding supports the scenario proposed by previous studies that the polarization at high current density corresponds mainly to mass transfer through (or the concentration activation of) the membrane assembly.

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Section: Physical Explanation Of Performance Modelsupporting

confidence: 63%

Effects of porosity change of gas diffuser on performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Chu

Yeh

Chen

2003

Journal of Power Sources

163

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“…This paper adopts a method of the filter approximation to replace the fractional calculus operator. The performance of the filter Oustaloup is very outstanding among the many recursive filters [7].The corresponding filter can be written as:…”

Section: A Theory Of Fractional Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractional Order Modeling of PEMFC Temperature

Qi¹,

Chen²,

Liang³

2013

Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Electric and Electronics

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Abstract---The stack temperature of PEMFC is an important index of keeping the stability and efficiently of the fuel cell. Based on the conservation of energy and material balance equation, the theory of fractional calculus is firstly adopted to establish fractional order dynamic model of PEMFC temperature, and the method for solving the fractional differential equations is studied. The temperature variation is analyzed when the load current changes by simulation. The simulation results show that the fractional temperature model is feasible, and can reflect the stack temperature changing process accurately.Keyword -PEMFC; Temperature; Modeling Fractional Order; Simulink Ⅰ.INTRODUCTIONPEMFC is a kind of fuel cell with low temperature, non-pollution, non-corrosive, high specific power, rapid-start, etc [1][2]. It has become one of the hot researches in the field of energy.Lots of research results show that, PEMFC stack temperature has a larger influence on the stack operation performance [3,4]. In order to further analyze the varying mechanism and the influence factors of the PEMFC temperature, it is necessary to establish an accurate model of the temperature.The temperature dynamic model of PEMFC is described by an integer order calculus equations currently [4,5], but the real system are more or less affected by some non-integer order factors. Especially, the viscous substances with memory and hereditary, and the massive diffusion or thermal conductivity both belong to the typical fractional order systems or processes [6]. Described by integer order calculus equations, some real phenomena and properties of these systems or processes are often overlooked, and the actual system can't be described accurately by the integer model. Preliminary researches show that there exists a non-integer order relationship between the heat overflow and the stack temperature during the course of the thermal diffusion in fuel cell. Therefore, a fractional order dynamic model of PEMFC temperature based on the fractional calculus equations is proposed in this paper, and when the load current changes, the variation of the stack temperature is also analyzed by the simulation. The simulation results show that the fractional order model of PEMFC temperature can reflect the changing process of the stack temperature more accurately. Ⅱ. FRACTIONAL ORDER MODELING OF PEMFC TEMPERATURE A. Theory of Fractional OrderThe fractional order calculus is a theory of arbitrary order differential and integral, and it is a generalization of the integer-order calculus. At present, the fractional order differential equation is used to establish a system of mathematical model in electrochemistry, thermal engineering, acoustic, electromagnetic, mechanical, control and other different fields in order to better describe the system dynamic characteristics.The fractional order calculus is the theory that can solve any order of the derivative and integral, the continuous form of fractional calculus operator is defined as follows:

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“…Mann et al [16] are the hydrogen and oxygen partial gas pressures (in atm) at the surface of the catalyst at the anode and cathode, respectively. It should be noted that there is no term for the partial pressure of the water product in (15).…”

Section: Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum Alkaline Electrolyzer-Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Coupling in a Residential Solar Stand-Alone Power System

Khater

Abdelraouf

Beshr

2011

ISRN Renewable Energy

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Modeling of an alkaline electrolyzer and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is presented. Also, a parametric study is performed for both components in order to determine the effect of variable operating conditions on their performance. The aim of this study is to determine the optimum operating conditions when the electrolyzer and the PEMFC are coupled together as part of a residential solar powered stand-alone power system comprising photovoltaic (PV) arrays, an alkaline electrolyzer, storage tanks, a secondary battery, and a PEMFC. The optimum conditions are determined based on an economic study which is performed to determine the cost of electricity (COE) produced from this system so as to determine the lowest possible COE. All of the calculations are performed using a computer code developed by using MATLAB. The code is designed so that any user can easily change the data concerning the location of the system or the working parameters of any of the system's components to estimate the performance of a modified system. Cairo city in Egypt was used as the place at which the output of the system will be determined. It was found that the optimum operating temperature of the electrolyzer is 25 • C. Also, the optimum coupling pressure of the electrolyzer and the PEMFC is 4 bars. The operating temperature of the PEMFC had a slight effect on its performance while an optimum current density of 400 mA/cm 2 was detected. By operating the fuel cell at optimum conditions, its efficiency was found to be 64.66% with a need of 0.5168 Nm 3 (Nm 3 is a m 3 measured at temperature of 0 • C and pressure of 1 bar) of hydrogen to produce 1 kWh of electricity while its cogeneration efficiency was found to be 84.34%. The COE of the system was found to be 49 cents/kWh, at an overall efficiency of 9.87%, for an operational life of 20 years.

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Development and application of a generalised steady-state electrochemical model for a PEM fuel cell

Cited by 849 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of porosity change of gas diffuser on performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Effects of porosity change of gas diffuser on performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Fractional Order Modeling of PEMFC Temperature

Optimum Alkaline Electrolyzer-Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Coupling in a Residential Solar Stand-Alone Power System

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