Development and Application of Ruthenium(II) and Iridium(III) Based Complexes for Anion Sensing

Abstract

Improvements in the design of receptors for the detection and quantification of anions are desirable and ongoing in the field of anion chemistry, and remarkable progress has been made in this direction. In this regard, the development of luminescent chemosensors for sensing anions is an imperative and demanding sub-area in supramolecular chemistry. This decade, in particular, witnessed advancements in chemosensors based on ruthenium and iridium complexes for anion sensing by virtue of their modular synthesis and rich chemical and photophysical properties, such as visible excitation wavelength, high quantum efficiency, high luminescence intensity, long lifetimes of phosphorescence, and large Stokes shifts, etc. Thus, this review aims to summarize the recent advances in the development of ruthenium(II) and iridium(III)-based complexes for their application as luminescent chemosensors for anion sensing. In addition, the focus was devoted to designing aspects of polypyridyl complexes of these two transition metals with different recognition motifs, which upon interacting with different inorganic anions, produces desirable quantifiable outputs.

Fine-Tuning of the Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with 2-Arylbenzimidazoles and 4,4′-Dimethoxycarbonyl-2,2′-bipyridine

“…1 The maximum of the first intense absorption band. 2 The maximum of the low-energy band. * Measured at λ abs 2 .…”

“…Ruthenium (II) polypyridine complexes have a wide range of applications: they are used as photocatalysts [ 1 ], luminescent chemosensors [ 2 ], dyes in Grätzel cells [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], anticancer drugs [ 6 ], etc. The main feature of these complexes is the presence of intense absorption in the visible region, which makes them very promising for usage in light conversion molecular devices.…”

Development of Ru-polypyridyl complexes for real-time monitoring of Aβ oligomers and inhibition of Aβ fibril formation

“…9,10 Among existing fluorescent probes, transition metal complexes have the advantages of long phosphorescence lifetimes, unique binding modes and large Stokes shifts compared with organic fluorophores. 11,12 In a previous study, Yu et al revealed by time-course imaging that a ruthenium (Ru) complex enabled real-time imaging of Aβ growth without disturbance. 13 Therefore, we aimed to design and synthesize a Ru complex that binds specifically to Aβ oligomers to monitor their growth.…”

Click‐Generated Triazole‐Based Silanes: A Potent Chemosensor for Dihydrogen Phosphate

“…Recently, luminescent probes have attracted attention due to their simplicity and high selectivity. [26][27][28][29] Herein, a triazole coupled organosilane based double responsive probe (absorbance and emission) has been developed.…”

“…However, the mentioned techniques suffer several drawbacks like complex sample handling, high‐cost equipment, toxic chemicals and are laborious. Recently, luminescent probes have attracted attention due to their simplicity and high selectivity [26–29] . Herein, a triazole coupled organosilane based double responsive probe (absorbance and emission) has been developed.…”