Development and calibration of a rainfall simulator for hydrological studies

Júnior, Silvio Fagundes de Sousa; Mendes, Thiago Augusto; Siqueira, Eduardo Queija de

doi:10.1590/2318-0331.0217170015

Cited by 22 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although, in the experiment, the main factors that are involved in the variability of measurements with splash devices were controlled (homogeneous soil (sand), reproducible rainfall and constant slope), the results obtained, presented a high variability ( Table 2). This is in agreement with other studies [49,50], for example, devices like the cup used under the simulated rain or in field conditions with similar intensities (31.5 and 38 mm h −1 , respectively) showed very different results (Table 7).…”

Section: Splash Devices Measurements: Lack Of Standardizationsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Additionally, a modification of the Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient (CUC) was used to assign a value of intensity to every point of the rainfall simulator area. This is a commonly used statistic for the evaluation of sprinkling systems, and a value of 80 is usually considered to be acceptable in sprinkling systems [49]. It can be calculated with Equation (1).…”

Section: The Wageningen Rainfall Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Analysis of Splash Erosion Devices for Rainfall Simulation Experiments: A Laboratory Study

Fernández‐Raga

Campo

Rodrigo‐Comino

et al. 2019

Water

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For the study of soil erosion it is important to set up the experiments well. In the experimental design one of the key factors is the choice of the measurement device. This is especially important when one part of the erosion process needs to be isolated, such as for splash erosion. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to list the general characteristics of the commonly used splash erosion devices and to discuss the performance, to be able to relate them, and make suggestions regarding their use. The devices we selected for this comparative comparison were: the splash cup, funnel, Morgan tray, Tübingen cup, tower, and the gutter. The devices were tested under the same conditions (rainfall characteristics, slope, and soil type) to assess their hydrological response under different intensities of simulated rainfall. All devices were installed on a sloping plot (10°) with sandy soil, and were exposed to 10 min. of simulated rain with intensities ranging from 60 to 172 mm/h to measure the splashed sediment, and to describe problems and differences among them. The results showed that the Tübingen cup was the best performing device to measure kinetic energy of the rain, but, because of its design, it is not possible to measure the detached splashed sediment under natural (field) conditions. On the other hand, the funnel device showed a significant relation with rain intensity because it loses little sediment to washing. In addition, the device is easy to use and cheap. Therefore, this device is highly recommended to estimated splash erosion. to the good performance measuring the actual splash erosion, because it loses little sediment by washing. The device is also cheap and easy to install and manage.

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Section: Splash Devices Measurements: Lack Of Standardizationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: The Wageningen Rainfall Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Splash Erosion Devices for Rainfall Simulation Experiments: A Laboratory Study

Fernández‐Raga

Campo

Rodrigo‐Comino

et al. 2019

Water

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“…In this design, the usage of water was also less due to use of single nozzle. Sousa and Siqueira [11] developed a cost-efficient rainfall simulator for urban hydrology studies. The developed rainfall simulator simulated the rainfall events with raindrops of median diameter (D 50 ) of 2.12 mm and kinetic energy (KE) of 22.53 J/mm·m 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological Modelling Using a Rainfall Simulator over an Experimental Hillslope Plot

et al. 2017

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Hydrological processes are complex to compute in hilly areas when compared to plain areas. The governing processes behind runoff generation on hillslopes are subsurface storm flow, saturation excess flow, overland flow, return flow and pipe storage. The simulations of the above processes in the soil matrix require detailed hillslope hydrological modelling. In the present study, a hillslope experimental plot has been designed to study the runoff generation processes on the plot scale. The setup is designed keeping in view the natural hillslope conditions prevailing in the Northwestern Himalayas, India where high intensity rainfall events occur frequently. A rainfall simulator was installed over the experimental hillslope plot to generate rainfall with an intensity of 100 mm/h, which represents the dominating rainfall intensity range in the region. Soil moisture sensors were also installed at variable depths from 100 to 1000 mm at different locations of the plot to observe the soil moisture regime. From the experimental observations it was found that once the soil is saturated, it remains at field capacity for the next 24-36 h. Such antecedent moisture conditions are most favorable for the generation of rapid stormflow from hillslopes. A dye infiltration test was performed on the undisturbed soil column to observe the macropore fraction variability over the vegetated hillslopes. The estimated macropore fractions are used as essential input for the hillslope hydrological model. The main objective of the present study was to develop and test a method for estimating runoff responses from natural rainfall over hillslopes of the Northwestern Himalayas using a portable rainfall simulator. Using the experimental data and the developed conceptual model, the overland flow and the subsurface flow through a macropore-dominated area have been estimated/analyzed. The surface and subsurface runoff estimated using the developed hillslope hydrological model compared well with the observed surface runoff for a rainfall intensity of 100 mm/h. The surface runoff hydrograph was very well predicted by the model, with correlation coefficient (R 2 ) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (E) as 0.95 and 0.91, respectively. The observed soil/macropore storage component was estimated with the help of water balance equation and compared with the model predicted macropore storage. The error in computing the soil/macropore storage was estimated as 0.38 mm i.e., 13%.

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“…These measurement errors vary randomly in magnitude under the same conditions of the RS's system variables. If errors in rainfall intensity generated from an RS are not considered before use in analysis, the researchers could draw erroneous conclusions regarding the study objective, such as infiltration, pavement effects in urbanized areas, and storage capacity of catchments [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of a Methodology for Calibrating a Large-Scale Laboratory Rainfall Simulator

Kim

Jeong

et al. 2018

Atmosphere

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The objective of this study was to establish a method to calibrate a large-scale laboratory rainfall simulator through developing and implementing an automated rainfall collection system to assess the reliability and accuracy of a rainfall simulator. The automated rainfall collection system was designed to overcome the limitations caused by the traditional manual measurement for obtaining the rainfall intensity and the spatial rainfall distribution in a large experimental area. The developed automated rainfall collection system was implemented to calibrate a large-scale laboratory rainfall simulator. The adequacy of average rainfall intensities automatically collected from the miniature tipping bucket rain gauges was assessed by comparison with those based on the volumetric method using the flowmeter. The functional relationships between the system variables of the rainfall simulator and the simulated intensity and uniformity distribution of rainfall (i.e., operation models) were derived based on a multiple regression approach incorporating correlation analysis on linear and logarithm scales, with consideration of a significance level. The operation models exhibited high accuracy with respect to both the rainfall intensity and the uniformity coefficients.

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Development and calibration of a rainfall simulator for hydrological studies

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Comparative Analysis of Splash Erosion Devices for Rainfall Simulation Experiments: A Laboratory Study

Comparative Analysis of Splash Erosion Devices for Rainfall Simulation Experiments: A Laboratory Study

Hydrological Modelling Using a Rainfall Simulator over an Experimental Hillslope Plot

The Development of a Methodology for Calibrating a Large-Scale Laboratory Rainfall Simulator

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