The Development of a Methodology for Calibrating a Large-Scale Laboratory Rainfall Simulator

Kim, Hak‐Soo; Ko, Teakjo; Jeong, Hyang-Seon; Ye, Sungje

doi:10.3390/atmos9110427

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A pressurized nozzle allows the simulation of a uniform spatial distribution and an acceptable drop size distribution, in which the concept was applied by Kim et al. (2018) by using an oscillating nozzle, equally spaced on a 900 m 2 plot, to produce spatially uniform rainfall.…”

Section: Rainfall Simulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the research gaps in the rainfall simulator study

Lazarus,

Wan Jaafar,

Alengaram

et al. 2023

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Urban flooding, soil erosion, and water pollution are common issues nowadays. The hydrological cycle is being disrupted due to improper planning of development that necessitates extensive studies conducted globally to study ways to address these issues. Significant and accurate data are required to rectify and amend the current situation. Rainfall simulators (RSs) are widely applied in research as they replicate the natural rainfall under controlled conditions and are repeatable. However, based on the published research, it is found that there are significant gaps. The RS has no standardization to cater different environmental conditions, yet vital rainfall characteristics and aspects have to be carried out wisely for better accuracy and data analysis. This review article discusses the gaps and parameters required in RS experiments.

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Section: Rainfall Simulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the research gaps in the rainfall simulator study

Lazarus,

Wan Jaafar,

Alengaram

et al. 2023

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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show abstract

“…However, the high CUC values observed in these studies were obtained for apparatuses with relatively high surface areas (from 2.0 to 7.0 m 2 ), which allowed the use of multiple nozzles. The use of multiple nozzles allows the application of relatively high rainfall intensities and results in higher CUC values [1,3,62]. The RS developed here was designed for testing relatively small surface areas under high rainfall intensities.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Intensity And Uniformity Of The Simulated Rainfallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To summarize, the proposed RS was capable of producing rainfall with relatively high intensities (from 86 to 200 mm h −1 ). Other RSs presented in the literature [2,3,19,62] are capable of producing similar intensities, but not under the imposed constrains of indoor testing using a single jet nozzle. It is also important to point out that the obtained CUC varied between 71 and 74%, a range that is superior to the minimum values recommended by Miguntanna [32].…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Simulated Raindrop Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Rainfall and Runoff Simulator for Performing Hydrological and Geotechnical Tests

et al. 2021

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Laboratory apparatuses for the analysis of infiltration and runoff enable studies under controlled environments and at reduced costs. Unfortunately, the design and construction of such systems are complex and face difficulties associated with the scale factor. This paper presents the design, construction, and evaluation of a portable rainfall and runoff simulator. The apparatus allows the evaluation of unsaturated soils with and without vegetation cover, under a wide range of simulation scenarios. The apparatus also enables the control of the intensity, size, and uniformity of simulated raindrops for variable surface slope, specimen thickness, and length conditions. The monitoring of the volumetric water content and matric suction and a rigorous computation of water balance are ensured. The obtained results indicate that the automated rainfall generator produces raindrops with Christiansen uniformity coefficients higher than 70%, and with an adequate distribution of raindrop sizes under a range of rainfall intensities between 86.0 and 220.0 mm h−1. The ideal rainfall generator conditions were established for a relatively small area equal to or lower than 1.0 m2 and considering rainfall events with return periods of 10 to 100 years.

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“…However, difficulties related to scale factor may arise. Many devices have been developed and used to evaluate infiltration and runoff [7,[41][42][43][44][45], but only a few studies use physical models to evaluate the interception phenomena.…”

Section: Rainfall Simulator Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Rainfall Interception by Vegetation Using a Rainfall Simulator

et al. 2021

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Interception by vegetation is one of the main variables controlling hydrological and geo-environmental problems such as erosion, landslides and floods. Interception, along with precipitation and evapotranspiration, is required for the modeling of infiltration, percolation and runoff. Unfortunately, the measurement of interception in the field is time consuming, burdensome and subject to testing parameters with relatively high variability. In this context, experiments using rainfall simulators (RSs) have the potential to provide an alternative approach that addresses most of the limitations of field experiments. This paper presents a new approach to evaluate interception that combines a RS and the monitoring of the wetting front using pore-water pressure instrumentation at specific locations of the specimen. Two specimens are required, one with and another without vegetation. The proposed approach was applied to Paspalum notatum (bahiagrass) and a tropical soil. The results indicated an average interception of 5.1 mm of the simulated rainfall for a slope at 15 degrees, rainfall intensity of 86 mm h−1, and duration of 60 min. Furthermore, the vegetation decreased the surface runoff that contributes to erosion. The proposed method will enable studies on the interception mechanisms and the various involved variables, with benefits to the modeling of soil-vegetation-atmosphere interaction.

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The Development of a Methodology for Calibrating a Large-Scale Laboratory Rainfall Simulator

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Overview of the research gaps in the rainfall simulator study

Overview of the research gaps in the rainfall simulator study

Development of a Rainfall and Runoff Simulator for Performing Hydrological and Geotechnical Tests

Evaluation of Rainfall Interception by Vegetation Using a Rainfall Simulator

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