Development and characterization of gelatine/chitosan/montmorillonite composite scaffold enriched with magnesium

Abstract

In this study, gelatin/chitosan/montmorillonite (G/CS/MMT) composite scaffold was developed, where MMT was enriched with Mg 2+ to improve the osteogenic properties. Mg 2+ modified and unmodified G/CS/MMT scaffold with an interconnected porous structure was produced by the freeze drying method. The physicochemical and morphological properties of the composite scaffold were evaluated using XRD, FT-IR, TGA, MIP, and SEM. Mechanical strength of the scaffold was investigated. The release of Mg 2+ from G/CS/MMT into the phosphate buffer was determined by the inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The results showed that Mg 2+ modified G/CS/MMT composite scaffold may be a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.

Plasma-Assisted Deposition of Magnesium-Containing Coatings on Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…In recent years, to obtain suitable orthopedic biomaterials to allow the full healing of bone defects before their complete degradation, studies have been carried out to combine magnesium-based materials with diverse biodegradable and biocompatible three dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds [1,[4][5][6][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Scaffolds are supporting structural devices that can influence the behavior of cells in bone tissue regeneration processes [17,[23][24][25].…”

“…Ideally, scaffolds should be characterized by a surface chemistry suitable for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as the presence of mechanical properties matching those of the tissues at the site of implantation [23][24][25]27]. Thus, different typologies of magnesium-containing scaffolds were studied for bone tissue engineering: β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds decorated with gelatine containing magnesium [12]; scaffolds produced by freeze-drying [4], viscous mass foaming [5], cryogenic 3D printing, or sintering in the presence of magnesium-containing powders [13]; poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/TCP/magnesium scaffolds made by low-temperature rapid prototyping [1]; alginate scaffolds that incorporate bioactive glass particles containing Zn and Mg [14]; bioactive glass-based scaffolds coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) loaded with Mg and Zn [6]; and gelatine-, chitosan-, and magnesium-enriched montmorillonite scaffolds [15]. The use of a polymeric matrix is generally proposed as a solution to improve the mechanical properties of scaffolds.…”