Development and Evaluation of a Chinook Salmon Smolt Swimming Behavior Model

Gross, Edward S.; Holleman, Rusty C.; Thomas, Michael J.; Fangue, Nann A.; Rypel, Andrew L.

doi:10.3390/w13202904

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In general, fish respond to multiple hydrodynamic stimuli, in addition to the velocity, such as strain rate, turbulence, acceleration, and pressure [21,24]. In a recent study by Gross et al [38], the behavioral stochastic fish-tracking model was developed to simulate fish migration paths at the juncture of the San Joaquin River and Old River, California. Both hydrodynamic stimuli and fish swimming behaviors were taken into account.…”

Section: Discussion Of Passive Fish Assumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow Characteristics at a River Diversion Juncture and Implications for Juvenile Salmon Entrainment

Lai

2022

Fluids

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Flow structures at a river diversion juncture are complex and have been studied extensively. Their impact on the juvenile salmon entrainment into the side channel, however, is less investigated, and based mostly on empiricism. In this study, a Eulerian fish tracking model is developed and used in conjunction with a 3D flow solver to quantitatively evaluate the implications of complex flow characteristics at typical junctures on fish entrainment. First, the flow model is validated with the available experimental data, key flow structures are examined using the results, and their implications for fish entrainment are discussed. Next, the numerical fish tracking model is used to show that the cross-sectional fish distribution immediately upstream of a juncture is an important factor that controls fish entrainment efficiency. Fish entrainment efficiency curves are developed for different flow diversion ratios and fish distribution patterns and used to shed light on the reasons behind some field-observed fish entrainment patterns. Further, the model is used to show that the secondary flow in a river bend may have a significant impact on fish entrainment at flow junctures, in agreement with field observations. Finally, a submerged vane is demonstrated to be a potential management option to locally generate secondary flows upstream of a juncture to achieve the desired fish entrainment property.

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Section: Discussion Of Passive Fish Assumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several fish track models are available, from the simple passive particle such as [28] to complex perception-and-response models such as [22,24,38]. In this study, a new Eulerian passive-scalar model is developed.…”

Section: Fish Tracking Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Characteristics at a River Diversion Juncture and Implications for Juvenile Salmon Entrainment

Lai

2022

Fluids

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Advancements in Riverine Fish Movement Modeling: Bridging Environmental Complexity and Fish Behavior

Zielinski,

Kerr,

Bærum

et al. 2024

Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture

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Predicting near-term, out-of-sample fish passage, guidance, and movement across diverse river environments by cognitively relating momentary behavioral decisions to multiscale memories of past hydrodynamic experiences

Goodwin,

Lai,

Taflin

et al. 2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Predicting the behavior of individuals acting under their own motivation is a challenge shared across multiple scientific fields, from economic to ecological systems. In rivers, fish frequently change their orientation even when stimuli are unchanged, which makes understanding and predicting their movement in time-varying environments near built infrastructure particularly challenging. Cognition is central to fish movement, and our lack of understanding is costly in terms of time and resources needed to design and manage water operations infrastructure that is able to meet the multiple needs of human society while preserving valuable living resources. An open question is how best to cognitively account for the multi-modal, -attribute, -alternative, and context-dependent decision-making of fish near infrastructure. Here, we leverage agent- and individual-based modeling techniques to encode a cognitive approach to mechanistic fish movement behavior that operates at the scale in which water operations river infrastructure is engineered and managed. Our cognitive approach to mechanistic behavior modeling uses a Eulerian-Lagrangian-agent method (ELAM) to interpret and quantitatively predict fish movement and passage/entrainment near infrastructure across different and time-varying river conditions. A goal of our methodology is to leverage theory and equations that can provide an interpretable version of animal movement behavior in complex environments that requires a minimal number of parameters in order to facilitate the application to new data in real-world engineering and management design projects. We first describe concepts, theory, and mathematics applicable to animals across aquatic, terrestrial, avian, and subterranean domains. Then, we detail our application to juvenile Pacific salmonids in the Bay-Delta of California. We reproduce observations of salmon movement and passage/entrainment with one field season of measurements, year 2009, using five simulated behavior responses to 3-D hydrodynamics. Then, using the ELAM model calibrated from year 2009 data, we predict the movement and passage/entrainment of salmon for a later field season, year 2014, which included a novel engineered fish guidance boom not present in 2009. Central to the fish behavior model’s performance is the notion that individuals are attuned to more than one hydrodynamic signal and more than one timescale. We find that multi-timescale perception can disentangle multiplex hydrodynamic signals and inform the context-based behavioral choice of a fish. Simulated fish make movement decisions within a rapidly changing environment without global information, knowledge of which direction is downriver/upriver, or path integration. The key hydrodynamic stimuli are water speed, the spatial gradient in water speed, water acceleration, and fish swim bladder pressure. We find that selective tidal stream transport in the Bay-Delta is a superset of the fish-hydrodynamic behavior repertoire that reproduces salmon movement and passage in dam reservoir environments. From a cognitive movement ecology perspective, we describe how a behavior can emerge from a repertoire of multiple fish-hydrodynamic responses that are each tailored to suit the animal’s recent past experience (localized environmental context). From a movement behavior perspective, we describe how different fish swim paths can emerge from the same local hydrodynamic stimuli. Our findings demonstrate that a cognitive approach to mechanistic fish movement behavior modeling does not always require the maximum possible spatiotemporal resolution for representing the river environmental stimuli although there are concomitant tradeoffs in resolving features at different scales. From a water operations perspective, we show that a decision-support tool can successfully operate outside the calibration conditions, which is a necessary attribute for tools informing future engineering design and management actions in a world that will invariably look different than the past.

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Development and Evaluation of a Chinook Salmon Smolt Swimming Behavior Model

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Flow Characteristics at a River Diversion Juncture and Implications for Juvenile Salmon Entrainment

Flow Characteristics at a River Diversion Juncture and Implications for Juvenile Salmon Entrainment

Advancements in Riverine Fish Movement Modeling: Bridging Environmental Complexity and Fish Behavior

Predicting near-term, out-of-sample fish passage, guidance, and movement across diverse river environments by cognitively relating momentary behavioral decisions to multiscale memories of past hydrodynamic experiences

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