Development and Evaluation of On-Board Measurement System for Nanoparticle Emissions from Diesel Engine

Barrios, Carmen C.; Domínguez-Sáez, Aida; Rubio, José Rafael; Pujadas, M.

doi:10.1080/02786826.2010.550963

Cited by 19 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Nucleation, condensation and coagulation may change the particle size distribution during the exhaust gas sampling [37]. In this study, the exhaust gas sample was diluted at two stages in order to decrease the particle concentration of the sample for the EEPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of alternative marine diesel fuels on the exhaust particle size distributions of an off-road diesel engine

Ovaska

Niemi

Sirviö

et al. 2019

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of alternative marine diesel fuels on the exhaust particle size distributions of an off-road diesel engine

Ovaska

Niemi

Sirviö

et al. 2019

Applied Thermal Engineering

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“…18 41 In smooth acceleration and cruise operating conditions, the emission of accumulation and Aitken mode particles is expected due to engine accelerations and increases of engine torque, i.e., an enhancement in the rich zone of the flame. 40 This incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons causes an increase of soot emissions (in total number concentration), with a consequent increase of condensation cores, accumulation and Aitken mode probabilities, and GMD growth.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This stability condition was obtained in the NEDC measurements. 18 With the aim of maximizing the model's effectiveness, samples with measurement errors >10% were removed from the data set. The ultrafine particle number and size distribution curves used were obtained from the median curve of each stretch and after the application of a data filter.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because of the discrepancies between the NEDC and CADC described above, on-board measurements along well-characterized urban circuits seem to be the most accurate method to characterize real-world traffic emissions . Thus, to minimize the limitation of data obtained in chassis dynamometer tests, an on-board system was developed to measure the particle number and size distributions in emissions from a modern diesel engine, in real-time and under real-world urban traffic conditions . Such an on-board system is able to produce ultrafine particle number and size distribution curves characteristic of numerous types of roads, as a function of slope, traffic density, presence of traffic lights, or even driving styles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size-Resolved Particle Number Emission Patterns under Real-World Driving Conditions Using Positive Matrix Factorization

Domínguez-Sáez

Viana

Barrios

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A novel on-board system was tested to characterize size-resolved particle number emission patterns under real-world driving conditions, running in a EURO4 diesel vehicle and in a typical urban circuit in Madrid (Spain). Emission profiles were determined as a function of driving conditions. Source apportionment by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was carried out to interpret the real-world driving conditions. Three emission patterns were identified: (F1) cruise conditions, with medium-high speeds, contributing in this circuit with 60% of total particle number and a particle size distribution dominated by particles >52 nm and around 60 nm; (F2) transient conditions, stop-and-go conditions at medium-high speed, contributing with 25% of the particle number and mainly emitting particles in the nucleation mode; and (F3) creep-idle conditions, representing traffic congestion and frequent idling periods, contributing with 14% to the total particle number and with particles in the nucleation mode (<29.4 nm) and around 98 nm. We suggest potential approaches to reduce particle number emissions depending on particle size and driving conditions. Differences between real-world emission patterns and regulatory cycles (NEDC) are also presented, which evidence that detecting particle number emissions <40 nm is only possible under real-world driving conditions.

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“…For example, in the first theoretical study in 2014, the differential mobility spectrometer engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS) from TSI was also used. The EEPS had already been used in a minivan with hot dilution in 2010 [84] and even earlier in 2007, the DMS50 from Cambustion (Cambridge, UK) [85]. The Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) from Dekati (Tampere, Finland) has also been used on-board of heavy-duty vehicles [86].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid Particle Number (SPN) Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) in the European Legislation: A Review

Giechaskiel

Bonnel

Perujo

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) for gaseous pollutants were firstly introduced in the United States regulation to check the in-use compliance of heavy-duty engines, avoiding the high costs of removing the engine and testing it on a dynamometer in the laboratory. In Europe, the in-service conformity of heavy-duty engines has been checked with PEMS for gaseous pollutants since 2014. To strengthen emissions regulations with a view to minimise the differences between on-road and laboratory emission levels in some cases, PEMS testing, including solid particle number (SPN), was introduced for the type-approval of light-duty vehicles in Europe in 2017 and for in-service conformity in 2019. SPN-PEMS for heavy-duty engines will be introduced in 2021. This paper gives an overview of the studies for SPN-PEMS from early 2013 with the first prototypes until the latest testing and improvements in 2019. The first prototype diffusion charger (DC) based systems had high differences from the reference laboratory systems at the first light-duty vehicles campaign. Tightening of the technical requirements and improvements from the instrument manufacturers resulted in differences of around 50%. Similar differences were found in an inter-laboratory comparison exercise with the best performing DC- and CPC- (condensation particle counter) based system. The heavy-duty evaluation phase at a single lab and later at various European laboratories revealed higher differences due to the small size of the urea generated particles and their high charge at elevated temperatures. This issue, along with robustness at low ambient temperatures, was addressed by the instrument manufacturers bringing the measurement uncertainty to the 50% levels. This measurement uncertainty needs to be considered at the on-road emission results measured with PEMS.

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Development and Evaluation of On-Board Measurement System for Nanoparticle Emissions from Diesel Engine

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of alternative marine diesel fuels on the exhaust particle size distributions of an off-road diesel engine

Effects of alternative marine diesel fuels on the exhaust particle size distributions of an off-road diesel engine

Size-Resolved Particle Number Emission Patterns under Real-World Driving Conditions Using Positive Matrix Factorization

Solid Particle Number (SPN) Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) in the European Legislation: A Review

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