Development and Experimental Basis for the Future of Prosthetic Vision

Allen, Penelope J; Ayton, Lauren N

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7644-7_33

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…For example, there have been attempts to electrically stimulate the visual cortex and retinal cells of patients with blindness due to retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In addition, other studies have shown that it is possible to evoke sensory perceptions by stimulating the optic nerve ( Delbeke et al, 2001 ) or the lateral geniculate nucleus ( Pezaris and Reid, 2007 ) although these techniques are not widely used because of the many challenges and risks associated with the neurosurgical procedures to access such inner brain structures ( Allen and Ayton, 2020 ).…”

Section: Brain Interfaces For Vision Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These pioneering studies set the stage for the development of more sophisticated instrumentations and new generation of cortical implants. In 2020, several projects are in progress and clinical trials are underway or planned in the coming years (for a review on neurobionics and cortical implants see: Allen and Ayton, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2020 ; on retinal implants see: Nowik et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Brain Interfaces For Vision Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain-Machine Interfaces to Assist the Blind

Ptito

Bleau

Djerourou

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The loss or absence of vision is probably one of the most incapacitating events that can befall a human being. The importance of vision for humans is also reflected in brain anatomy as approximately one third of the human brain is devoted to vision. It is therefore unsurprising that throughout history many attempts have been undertaken to develop devices aiming at substituting for a missing visual capacity. In this review, we present two concepts that have been prevalent over the last two decades. The first concept is sensory substitution, which refers to the use of another sensory modality to perform a task that is normally primarily sub-served by the lost sense. The second concept is cross-modal plasticity, which occurs when loss of input in one sensory modality leads to reorganization in brain representation of other sensory modalities. Both phenomena are training-dependent. We also briefly describe the history of blindness from ancient times to modernity, and then proceed to address the means that have been used to help blind individuals, with an emphasis on modern technologies, invasive (various type of surgical implants) and non-invasive devices. With the advent of brain imaging, it has become possible to peer into the neural substrates of sensory substitution and highlight the magnitude of the plastic processes that lead to a rewired brain. Finally, we will address the important question of the value and practicality of the available technologies and future directions.

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Section: Brain Interfaces For Vision Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brain Interfaces For Vision Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain-Machine Interfaces to Assist the Blind

Ptito

Bleau

Djerourou

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…CORTIVIS is a European research collaboration made up of 6 university laboratories, 1 technical research organization, and 1 biomedical device company. Their headquarters are located in Alicante, Spain (17). Based on bio-inspiration, the CORTIVIS designed an artificial retina capturing the visual world that is intended to mimic the visual processing performed by the retina.…”

Section: Cortivismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Orion™ cortical prosthesis is now being tested in clinical trials by Second Sight Medical Products (USA) (17). This device comprises a computer, a camera, and 60 surface electrodes that construct a subdural array that is linked to the medial occipital lobe.…”

Section: Orionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A narrative review of cortical visual prosthesis systems: the latest progress and significance of nanotechnology for the future

Liu¹,

Chen²,

Ding³

et al. 2022

Ann Transl Med

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Background and Objective: We sought to review the latest developments in cortical visual prosthesis (CVP) systems and the significance of nanotechnology for the future. Over the past century, CVP systems have been researched and developed, resulting in various unique surgical and mechanical techniques.Research findings indicate that partial vision recovery is possible, with improvements in coarse target functions and performance in routine activities.Methods: This review discusses the architecture and physiology of the visual cortex, the neuroplasticity of the blind brain, and the history of CVP development, and also provides an update on the CVP systems currently being examined in research and clinical trials. Due to advances in nanotechnology, it is possible to make CVPs that are smaller, more efficient, and more biocompatible than ever before.Key Content and Findings: Currently, 3 CVPs have entered clinical trials, and several additional systems are undergoing preclinical reviews to determine the safety of the devices for chronic implantation. This development provides the first indication that the area of cortical vision restoration medication may be able to meaningfully benefit blind people. However, several significant technical and biological challenges need to be solved before the gap between artificial and natural eyesight can be reconciled. Rapid breakthroughs in nanotechnology have considerably increased its use in biological domains.Conclusions: This paper summarizes the recent progress of CVP in recent years and its future development direction. It is forecasted that nanotechnology can provide better technical support for the development of CVP.

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Pre‐processing visual scenes for retinal prosthesis systems: A comprehensive review

Holiel,

Fawzi,

Al‐Atabany

2024

Artificial Organs

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BackgroundRetinal prostheses offer hope for individuals with degenerative retinal diseases by stimulating the remaining retinal cells to partially restore their vision. This review delves into the current advancements in retinal prosthesis technology, with a special emphasis on the pivotal role that image processing and machine learning techniques play in this evolution.MethodsWe provide a comprehensive analysis of the existing implantable devices and optogenetic strategies, delineating their advantages, limitations, and challenges in addressing complex visual tasks. The review extends to various image processing algorithms and deep learning architectures that have been implemented to enhance the functionality of retinal prosthetic devices. We also illustrate the testing results by demonstrating the clinical trials or using Simulated Prosthetic Vision (SPV) through phosphene simulations, which is a critical aspect of simulating visual perception for retinal prosthesis users.ResultsOur review highlights the significant progress in retinal prosthesis technology, particularly its capacity to augment visual perception among the visually impaired. It discusses the integration between image processing and deep learning, illustrating their impact on individual interactions and navigations within the environment through applying clinical trials and also illustrating the limitations of some techniques to be used with current devices, as some approaches only use simulation even on sighted‐normal individuals or rely on qualitative analysis, where some consider realistic perception models and others do not.ConclusionThis interdisciplinary field holds promise for the future of retinal prostheses, with the potential to significantly enhance the quality of life for individuals with retinal prostheses. Future research directions should pivot towards optimizing phosphene simulations for SPV approaches, considering the distorted and confusing nature of phosphene perception, thereby enriching the visual perception provided by these prosthetic devices. This endeavor will not only improve navigational independence but also facilitate a more immersive interaction with the environment.

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Development and Experimental Basis for the Future of Prosthetic Vision

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

Brain-Machine Interfaces to Assist the Blind

Brain-Machine Interfaces to Assist the Blind

A narrative review of cortical visual prosthesis systems: the latest progress and significance of nanotechnology for the future

Pre‐processing visual scenes for retinal prosthesis systems: A comprehensive review

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