Development and field application of a nonlinear ultrasonic modulation technique for fatigue crack detection without reference data from an intact condition

Lim, Hyung Jin; Kim, Yongtak; Koo, Gunhee; Yang, Suyoung; Sohn, Hoon; Bae, Inhwan; Jang, Jeong-Hwan

doi:10.1088/0964-1726/25/9/095055

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Among them, the ultrasonic guided wave method has been recognized as one of the efficient nondestructive testing (NDT) approaches to scan long structural members. It has been applied to inspect pipelines, 22,23 cables, 24,25 rails, 26–28 and many other types of structures 29–31 . One of the common NDT strategies using guided waves is called the pulse‐echo method, where the transducer simultaneously works as the actuator and sensor 32 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guided wave‐based damage assessment on welded steel I‐beam under ambient temperature variations

Tang

Yun

et al. 2021

Struct Control Health Monit

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Summary Welded steel I‐beams are widely used in civil infrastructures and industrial facilities as the major load‐carrying members. The fillet weld zone, which connects the web plate and flange plate, is vulnerable to defects and fatigue cracks during the long service life, which may result in catastrophic accidents. In this study, a guided wave‐based damage assessment method is presented to monitor the weld zone of a steel I‐beam under ambient temperature variations. The semi‐analytical finite element (SAFE) analysis was performed to investigate the characteristics of guided wave propagation in a welded I‐beam. A signal‐processing procedure that incorporates the principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) was proposed for damage assessment. The PCA was performed to identify and eliminate significant environmental effects from the guided wave signals. Reconstructed residual signals were obtained from the PCA for damage detection. The ICA was performed to improve the damage localization by identifying the wave packets that are closely related to the occurrence of damage. Lab‐scale experiments were performed on a steel I‐beam under various ambient temperatures. The results show that the inflicted cuts on the weld line have been successfully detected. The damage severity can be qualitatively evaluated based on the magnitudes of Q‐statistics through the PCA. The results of the damage localization can be effectively improved by incorporating the ICA‐based signal decomposition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guided wave‐based damage assessment on welded steel I‐beam under ambient temperature variations

Tang

Yun

et al. 2021

Struct Control Health Monit

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“…There have also been studies that have introduced a nonlinearity index (NI) and used this for crack detection. Lim et al [ 25 ] conducted a non-destructive test with the sign of two factors: the skewness and the median of the NI distribution. Li et al observed the correlation between the acoustic nonlinearity parameter of the stainless steel plate and the thermal-induced degradation using a phase reversal approach [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Micro-Cracks in Metals Using Modulation of PZT-Induced Lamb Waves

Lee

Hong

2020

Materials

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The ultrasonic modulation technique, developed by inspecting the nonlinearity from the interactions of crack surfaces, has been considered very effective in detecting fatigue cracks in the early stage of the crack development due to its high sensitivity. The wave modulation is the frequency shift of a wave passing through a crack and does not occur in intact specimens. Various parameters affect the modulation of the wave, but quantitative analysis for each variable has not been comprehensively conducted due to the complicated interaction of irregular crack surfaces. In this study, specimens with a constant crack width are manufactured, and the effects of various excitation parameters on modulated wave generation are analyzed. Based on the analysis, an effective crack detection algorithm is proposed and verified by applying the algorithm to fatigue cracks. For the quantitative analysis, tests are repeatedly conducted by varying parameters. As a result, the excitation intensity shows a strong linear relationship with the amount of modulated waves, and the increase of modulated wave is expected as crack length increases. However, the change in the dynamic characteristics of the specimen with the crack length is more dominant in the results. The excitation frequency is the most dominant variable to generate the modulated waves, but a direct correlation is not observed as it is difficult to measure the interaction of crack surfaces. A numerical analysis technique is developed to accurately simulate the movement and interaction of the crack surface. The crack detection algorithm, improved by using the observations from the quantitative analyses, can distinguish the occurrence of modulated waves from the ambient noises, and the state of the specimens is determined by using two nonlinear indexes.

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“…Generally, the VAM approach (Lim et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2016;Zagrai et al, 2004) employs two excitation sources to generate different frequencies, namely a lowfrequency (LF) pumping wave and a high-frequency (HF) probing wave. When these two excitations are mixed and applied to the structure under detection, they will interact with a rough contact interface (Jhang, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nonlinear ultrasonic method for real-time bolt looseness monitoring using PZT transducer–enabled vibro-acoustic modulation

Zhao

Huo

Song

2019

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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A real-time nonlinear ultrasonic method based on vibro-acoustic modulation is applied to monitor early bolt looseness quantitatively by using piezoceramic transducers. In addition to the ability to detect the early bolt looseness, a major contribution is that we replaced the shaker, which is commonly used in a vibro-acoustic modulation method, by a permanently installed and low-cost lead zirconate titanate patch. In vibro-acoustic modulation, when stimulating two input waves with distinctive frequencies, namely the high-frequency probing wave and the low-frequency pumping wave, the high-frequency probing wave will be modulated by the low-frequency pumping wave to generate sidebands in terms of bolt looseness. Thus, the influence of low-frequency voltage amplitudes on the modulation results, which is ambiguous in previous research, is also analyzed in this article. The results of experiment demonstrated that the lead zirconate titanate–enabled vibro-acoustic modulation method is reliable and easy to implement to identify the bolt looseness continuously and quantitatively. In addition, low-frequency amplitudes of actuating voltage should be selected in a reasonable range. Finally, we compared the vibro-acoustic modulation method with the time-reversal method based on the linear ultrasonic theory, and the result illustrates that vibro-acoustic modulation method has better performance in monitoring the early bolt looseness.

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Development and field application of a nonlinear ultrasonic modulation technique for fatigue crack detection without reference data from an intact condition

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

Guided wave‐based damage assessment on welded steel I‐beam under ambient temperature variations

Guided wave‐based damage assessment on welded steel I‐beam under ambient temperature variations

Detection of Micro-Cracks in Metals Using Modulation of PZT-Induced Lamb Waves

A nonlinear ultrasonic method for real-time bolt looseness monitoring using PZT transducer–enabled vibro-acoustic modulation

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