Development and First Tests of GEM-Like Detectors With Resistive Electrodes

Peskov, V.; Baibussinov, B.; Centro, S.; Mauro, A. Di; Lund‐Jensen, B.; Martinengo, P.; Nappi, E.; Oliveira, Rui de; Pietropaolo, F.; Picchi, P.; Periale, L.; Rodionov, I. D.; Ventura, S.

doi:10.1109/tns.2007.905160

Cited by 36 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As concerns the THGEM performance in gaseous and two-phase CRADs, the THGEM is thicker and has over an order of magnitude fewer holes than a GEM; accordingly, it is expected to be more robust, with better resistance to discharges. Similarly to GEMs, the THGEM and RETHGEM multiplier performances in electron avalanching mode were stable at cryogenic temperatures [28], [44], [45], [75], with gains exceeding 10 3 in Ar [75] and reaching 600 in Xe [28] at gas densities corresponding to those of saturated vapour in the two-phase mode: see Fig. 26.…”

Section: Gaseous Cradsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Cryogenic Avalanche Detectors

Buzulutskov

2012

J. Inst.

125

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Cryogenic Avalanche Detectors (CRADs) are referred to as a new class of noblegas detectors operated at cryogenic temperatures with electron avalanching performed directly in the detection medium, the latter being in gaseous, liquid or two-phase (liquid-gas) state. Electron avalanching is provided by Micro-Pattern Gas Detector (MPGD) multipliers, in particular GEMs and THGEMs, operated at cryogenic temperatures in dense noble gases. The final goal for this kind of detectors is the development of large-volume detectors of ultimate sensitivity for rare-event experiments and medical applications, such as coherent neutrinonucleus scattering, direct dark matter search, astrophysical (solar and supernova) neutrino detection experiments and Positron Emission Tomography technique. This review is the first attempt to summarize the results on CRAD performances obtained by different groups. A brief overview of the available CRAD concepts is also given and the most remarkable CRAD physics effects are discussed.Earlier attempts to obtain high and stable electron avalanching directly in noble gases and liquids at cryogenic temperatures, using "open-geometry" gaseous multipliers, have not been very successful: rather low gains (≤10) were observed in liquid Xe [2],[3],[4] and Ar [2],[5] and low gains (≤100) in gaseous Ar [6] and He [7] at low temperatures, using wire, needle or microstrip proportional counters. Moreover, two-phase detectors with wire chamber readout, which initially seemed to solve the problem, turned out to have unstable operation in the avalanche mode due to vapour condensation on wire electrodes [8].The problem of electron avalanching in cryogenic noble-gas detectors has been solved [1] after introduction of Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors (MPGDs), namely those of hole-type: Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) [9] and thick GEMs (THGEMs) [10]. Contrary to wire chambers and other "open geometry" gaseous multipliers, cascaded GEM and THGEM structures have a unique ability to operate in dense noble gases at high gains [11], including at cryogenic temperatures and in the two-phase mode [12].Consequently at present, the basic idea of Cryogenic Avalanche Detectors in the narrow sense is that of the combination of MPGDs with cryogenic noble-gas detectors, operated in a gaseous, liquid or two-phase mode. We call such detectors "CRyogenic Avalanche Detectors" and suggest the following short-name for those -CRADs; it will be used throughout in the following. This review is the first attempt to summarize the results on CRAD performances obtained by different groups, presenting those in a systematic way. A brief overview of the available CRAD concepts is also given and the most remarkable CRAD physics effects are discussed. Cryogenic Avalanche Detector (CRAD) concepts: brief overviewThere are at least a dozen of different CRAD types developed by different groups over the past 8 years. In this chapter this variety is systemized: a brief overview of CRAD concepts is given, namely that of the basic CRAD concepts and CRAD concepts re...

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Section: Gaseous Cradsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Cryogenic Avalanche Detectors

Buzulutskov

2012

J. Inst.

125

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“…For comparative studies we also used an "old RETGEM" prototypes manufactured by a screen printing technology and containing a charge collecting Cu frame [5]. In additional measurements of spark energy released in various detectors and various gases, we also used thick GEMs with metallic electrodes (TGEMs) [4] and TGEMs with 15 μm thick resistive coatings manufactured by a screen printed technology on the top of their Cu electrodes. These detectors had the same geometry as the RETGEMs described above.…”

Section: Detector Design and Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our recent papers [1][2][3][4][5], we have described GEM-like detectors with electrodes made of resistive materials instead of commonly used metallic ones. We named these new type of detectors: Resistive Electrode Thick GEMs or RETGEMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in developing hybrid RPC: GEM-like detectors with resistive electrodes

Fonte

Martinengo

Nappi

et al. 2009

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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We have recently developed an innovative detector of photons and charged particles: a GEM-like gaseous amplification structure with resistive electrodes instead of commonly used metallic ones. This novel detector combines the best property of GEMs-the capability to operate in a cascaded mode and in poorly quenched gases -and of RPC: the protection against sparks. In this paper will shortly review our latest achievements in this direction, however the main focus will be given on a new advanced design that allows to build large area detectors manufactured by a screen printing technology. The proposed detector, depending on the applications, can operate either in a GEM mode (electron multiplications through holes only) or as a hybrid RPC with simultaneous amplifications in the drift region and in the holes. The possible applications of this new detector will be discussed.

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“…Such detectors have potential applications in rare-event experiments and in the medical imaging field: in particular, in coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering [5], dark matter search [6,7,8] and Positron Emission Tomography [2]. Their performances in Ar, Kr and Xe were described elsewhere [9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. Most promising results were obtained for the two-phase Ar avalanche detectors: using triple-GEM multipliers, gains reaching 10 4 were obtained [12,13], permitting the operation in a single electron counting mode [13] and the detection of both primary scintillation and ionization signals using CsI photocathode [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent results on the properties of two-phase argon avalanche detectors

Bondar

Grebenuk

Pavlyuchenko

et al. 2009

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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The characteristic properties of two-phase Ar avalanche detectors, including those obtained with CsI photocathode, are further studied. Such detectors are relevant in the field of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering and dark matter search experiments. The detectors investigated comprised a 1 cm thick liquid Ar layer followed by a triple-GEM multiplier. In these detectors, typical gains reaching 10 4 were obtained with good reproducibility and a stable operation for at least one day was demonstrated. Amplitude and pulse-shape characteristics are presented under irradiation with X-rays, gamma-rays and neutrons from different radioactive sources. The detection of both primary scintillation and ionization signals at higher gains, at a deposited energy of 60 keV, has been demonstrated.

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Development and First Tests of GEM-Like Detectors With Resistive Electrodes

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Advances in Cryogenic Avalanche Detectors

Advances in Cryogenic Avalanche Detectors

Progress in developing hybrid RPC: GEM-like detectors with resistive electrodes

Recent results on the properties of two-phase argon avalanche detectors

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