Development and pilot testing of an educational intervention for parents, caregivers and teachers of children with verbal communication disabilities in Mexico

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to implement and test an educational intervention aimed at training parents/caregivers and teachers in strategies to support children with verbal communication disabilities (VCDs). We carried out a descriptive observational research conducted in two phases during 2013-2014: a mixed-method diagnosis and intervention development. We used convenience sampling to select the parents/caregivers and teachers of first-to-third graders with VCDs across four public elementary schools in a suburban community in central Mexico. Diagnosis was based on questionnaires conducted with parents/caregivers (n = 38) and teachers (n = 16). The instruments focused not only on the respondents' socioeconomic characteristics and general knowledge about VCDs but also included open questions (24/42) about their common practices and support for children with VCDs. The intervention was built on data collected through the questionnaires, and was designed according to the Integral Intervention Model framework based on the ecosystemic approach. Participants were parents/caregivers and teachers of children with VCDs. Main results showed that the participants were trained in various support techniques, they gained knowledge about VCDs and changed their perception of their own ability to help children with language impairments. As an important upshot of the intervention, communication and networking among parents/caregivers and teachers increased. The main strengths of this research reside in its solid theoretical foundation and the fact that intervention design was based on the specific needs of the target group. In as much as the public health problem of VCDs in Mexico has barely been studied and has received minimal official support, it is essential to engage additional social actors, stakeholders and decision-makers in the implementation of permanent actions. Our study emphasises the importance of recognising this form of health impairment as a social responsibility and not as an individual family problem.

Toward a better understanding of folate metabolism in health and disease

“…Historically, many components involved in folate metabolism were discovered by biochemical purification to chase down the protein responsible for an activity of interest (Tan et al, 1977; Huennekens, 1996) and by forward genetic screens followed by cDNA complementation (Dixon et al, 1994; Titus and Moran, 2000). The use of radioactive folic acid tracer in rats also greatly accelerated the discoveries of folate transporters/receptors and folate-binding enzymes for which folate was not an expected substrate but later proved to be an integral component of their catalysis (Wagner, 1982; Garcia et al, 2016).…”