Development and prospective multicenter evaluation of the long noncoding RNA MALAT-1 as a diagnostic urinary biomarker for prostate cancer

Abstract

The current strategy for diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa) is mainly based on the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. However, PSA has low specificity and has led to numerous unnecessary biopsies. We evaluated the effectiveness of urinary metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT-1), a long noncoding RNA, for predicting the risk of PCa before biopsy. The MALAT-1 score was tested in a discovery phase and a multi-center validation phase. The predictive power of the MALAT-1 score was evaluated by the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and by decision curve analysis. As an independent predictor of PCa, the MALAT-1 score was significantly higher in men with a positive biopsy than in those with a negative biopsy. The ROC analysis showed a higher AUC for the MALAT-1 score (0.670 and 0.742) vs. the total PSA (0.545 and 0.601) and percent free PSA (0.622 and 0.627) in patients with PSA values of 4.0-10 ng/ml. According to the decision curve analysis, using a probability threshold of 25%, the MALAT-1 model would prevent 30.2%-46.5% of unnecessary biopsies in PSA 4–10 ng/ml cohorts, without missing any high-grade cancers. Our results demonstrate that urine MALAT-1 is a promising biomarker for predicting prostate cancer risk.

Long noncoding RNA DANCR promotes invasion of prostate cancer through epigenetically silencing expression of TIMP2/3

“…More human specimens are needed to clarify whether DANCR can be used as diagnostic and prognostic marker of prostate cancer. Moreover, several lncRNAs, such as PCA3 and MALAT-1, can be used as diagnostic urinary biomarkers for prostate cancer [35–36], thus DANCR expression in the urine of prostate cancer patients should be measured and analyzed in the future.…”

HULC and Linc00152 Act as Novel Biomarkers in Predicting Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…Many researchers have demonstrated that lncRNAs play a very important role in tumor occurrence, invasion, and metastasis and can be considered as biomarkers in many human cancers [13][14][15]28]. Some previous studies have shown that many lncRNAs were upregulated or down-regulated dramatically in tumor tissues in contrast to non-tumor tissues [16][17][18][19][20].…”

“…Some lncRNAs can be detected in plasma of both healthy people and certain patients. LncRNAs have been reported as biomarkers for the diagnosis of multiple diseases [11,12], including cancers, such as cancers of colorectum, prostate and bladder [13][14][15]. Some previous studies showed that many lncRNAs were up-regulated or down-regulated significantly in tumor tissues compared with non-tumor tissues [16][17][18][19][20].…”

MALAT1 long non-coding RNA in cancer

“…MALAT1 was one of the first lncRNAs to be demonstrated its close implication in cancer, and a series of studies has established the importance of MALAT1 as a marker of cancers ( [95], multiple myeloma [73,96,97], neuroblastoma [37,38], osteosarcoma [42,98], ovarian cancer [99], pituitary adenoma [100], prostate cancer [101][102][103], and renal cell carcinoma [50,104].…”