Development and Research of a Vibrating Dryer for Processing of Wet Dispersed Waste of Food Industries

Abstract

One of the most urgent problems of Ukrainian food industry enterprises (in particular, sugar, alcohol, brewery, coffee), as well as enterprises producing fruit and berry juices, is the processing of wet dispersed waste with an initial moisture content of 90-95%. As practice has shown, these wastes after dehydration to a moisture content of 20-25% can be effectively used as valuable additives to agricultural fodder or as fuel. At the same time, the specified final humidity can be ensured by the sequential implementation of mechanical methods of dewatering the processed material on a vibrating screen, in a screw press and vibrating impact load in a closed press-form, which allows to significantly reduce energy costs compared to thermal dehydration. But for longer storage of the specified waste, a moisture content of no higher than 8% is required, which can be achieved only after their additional heat treatment. The article proposes a scheme of a combined dryer in which processed waste sequentially passes through the stages of mechanical dehydration in screw feeders, grinding in a hammer crusher, processing on vibrating screens with spatial dynamic loading and final thermal dehydration in a fluidized state in jets of hot air or steam, which are secondary products of this enterprise. At the same time, the offered dryer provides a closed working process, which allows, if it necessary, to dehydrate the same portion of waste several times until the optimal final moisture is reached. The article also presents equations and dependencies for determining the duration of waste dehydration at each stage of the dryer's work process, its productivity in terms of dehydrated waste and the total power of the electric motors of the proposed equipment. All this allows you to evaluate the effectiveness of the considered dryer in comparison with other machines of a similar purpose.