Development and Use of a Living Skin Equivalent

Guided Regeneration of the Human Skin : in vitro and in vivo studies

“…Wound repair within the dermis can, for example be studied by introducing fibroblasts into a solution of collagen [83,84]. To study the interaction between dermal and epidermal cells, keratinocytes could be cultured on a collagen matrix [85] or a skin punch biopsy could be fixed onto acellular dermis [86].…”

Cartilage tissue engineering for degenerative joint disease☆

“…Furthermore, artificial implants lack tissue's physiological activities and often do not provide the lifelong solution for the patient. The field of tissue engineering (TE) has emerged over the past decades to improve the treatments for tissue and organ failure, [1][2][3].…”

Collagen: Applications of a Natural Polymer in Regenerative Medicine

“…It has shown to, decrease hospital stay compared to conventional treatment (silvazine) (Amani et al 2006), prevent frequent and painful dressing changes, autografting, and decreases the time to wound closure compared to alternative treatments (Biobrane alone, silvazine) (Kumar et al 2004). Apligraf (Organogenesis Inc., MA and Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp., NJ, US) (Wilkins et al 1994) is a commercially available skin equivalent consisting of a bovine collagen (type I) hydrogel seeded with allogeneic human neonatal foreskin fibroblasts and keratinocytes (Bell et al 1981a;Bell et al 1981b). The mechanical properties of the dermal component are improved by allowing collagen to contract for 6 days after which keratinocytes are seeded and cultured for 4 days under submerged conditions and terminally differentiated into a stratified epidermis for an additional 7 days at the air/liquid interface.…”

“…The product is currently FDA-approved for the treatment of split-thickness skin graft donor sites (Still et al 2003) and for use in the surgical release of hand syndactyly secondary to epidermolysis bullosa. This commercially available skin equivalent is fabricated by seeding allogeneic fibroblasts into a preformed lyophilised bovine collagen (type I) sponge which is cultured for 2 days, inverted and seeded with keratinocytes on its non-porous side and cultured for an additional 7-14 days (Bell, Ehrlich, Sher, Merrill, Sarber, Hull, Nakatsuji, Church, & Buttle 1981b)to form a confluent monolayer epidermis.…”