Development and validation of a solid-phase microextraction method for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples

Abstract

SummarySolid-phase microextraction is a relatively recent extraction technique for sample preparation. It has been used successfully to analyse environmental pollutants in a variety of matrices such as soils, water and air. In this work, a simple and rapid method for the analysis of volatile organic and polar compounds from polluted groundwater samples by SPME coupled with gas chromatography (GC) is described. Different types of fibres were studied and the extraction process was optimised. The fibre that proved to be the best to analyse this kind of samples was CAR-PDMS. The method was validated by analysis of synthetic samples and comparison with headspace -GC. The optimised method was successfully applied to the analysis of groundware r sam p les.

Otimização e validação de métodos analíticos para determinação de BTEX em água utilizando extração por headspace e microextração em fase sólida

“…1,7,8 Com o método de extração por HS e análise com CG-DIC as concentrações limites de BTEX detectadas estiveram entre 0,088 e 0,702 µg L -1 , sendo que para alguns dos BTEX avaliados esses resultados são inferiores aos obtidos em outras pesquisas semelhantes utilizando a mesma técnica analítica. 4,5,33 A análise dos extratos de MEFS com CG-EM, além de apresentar os melhores resultados de precisão e exatidão, também apresentou baixos limites de detecção para os BTEX, entre 0,024 e 0,310 µg L -1 . Essas concentrações são inferiores às encontradas por Wang et al com relação a todos os BTEX.…”

Simultaneous Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Alkylphenols, Phthalate Esters and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Environmental Waters Based on Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction Followed by Gas Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…The addition of salt increases the ionic strength of the sample, which reduces the solubility of the analyte; and favoring the transfer of the analyte from the aqueous, to the gaseous phase [4]. In this study, the ionic strength had a positive effect on the extraction of all the families of target compounds, especially on the APs and PEs (the most polar compounds studied).…”

“…In consequence, 20% was selected for salting out because the results showed highest response. The option of using DI was initially evaluated, but DI is not practicable when salt is used as a matrix modifier as it causes faster degradation of the coating [4]. Figure 4: Comparison of the response of studied compounds at 0.4 μg L -1 (n=3) extracted in HS-SPME mode using 100 μm PDMS fiber at 80°C for 40 minutes using four different salting concentrations: 0, 5, 10 and 20% of NaCl.…”

“…A multitude of xenobiotics with variable origins, applications, structures, and properties has increasingly attracted attention during the past decade [1]. Aquatic environment including lakes, rivers, seas [2] and groundwater [3,4], is the environmental compartment more affected by the daily input of those organic chemicals. Xenobiotics, called also as Organic Micropollutants (OMPs) can alter aquatic organisms at nanogram to milligram per liter levels [5,6] producing endocrine disruption and neurotoxicity [7].…”

Evaluation of a PVC sensing phase for determination of chlorinated hydrocarbons in water by mid-infrared spectroscopy

“…2 Most of the chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds can be determined in water by gas chromatography (GC) in association with pre-concentration techniques, such as purge and trap, 3 solid-phase microextraction (SPME), 4,5 static headspace 6 and headspace/SPME. 7 Usually, these methods are sensitive enough, although relatively expensive and difficult to apply for on-site monitoring. For this reason, it is convenient to develop simple, low-cost methods to analyse these environmental pollutants.…”