Development and Validation of High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Residual N,N-Dimethylformamide in Spent Medium after Biodegradation by Paracoccus denitrificans SD1

Abstract

N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a toxic organic solvent commonly found in the textile and pharmaceutical industrial effluents. The DMF degradation was successfully archived by bacterial strain Paracoccus denitrificans SD1. The study demonstrates the high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) approach for the estimation of residual DMF in liquid medium. The investigation mainly focuses on the method development for the detection and quantification of DMF. The bacterium is capable of utilizing DMF (1% v/v) as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Utilization of DMF by the bacterium was investigated at regular intervals of time to check the complete degradation at a particular period. The method was validated based on the precision, accuracy, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. Herein, the method was executed in liquid chromatographic condition which enables direct analysis of aqueous samples from the spent medium avoiding the extraction and prederivatization. This improved method allows estimation of residual DMF from the aqueous medium in adequate ranges of precision and accuracy with 99.17% and 99.43% recovery, respectively. The method was validated by investigating the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.2 and 0.40 mg/l, respectively. The method was found to be precise for detection of DMF by using liquid chromatography.

Pharmaceutical Development of 5-Fluorouracil-Eluting Stents for the Potential Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Related Obstructions

“… 46 , 48 , 49 The mean of accuracy (as recovery%) and relative standard deviation percentage (RSD%) values at eleven different 5FU concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μg/mL) in water showed acceptable recovery results with RSD values < 2%. To check the linearity of the HPLC assay method, the calibration curve was constructed 49 , 50 with the same eleven concentrations of 5FU in water versus average peak area data. The linearity of the curve was determined by utilising a straight-line fit equation and analysis of the coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) values.…”

Silicone Implant Coated with Tranilast-Loaded Polymer in a Pattern for Fibrosis Suppression

“…To examine the physical stability of the coatings, we assessed the implant samples actually loaded with tranilast. Thus, the PC/Tr/I and EC/Tr/I groups underwent cyclic mechanical stress (ASTM Standard F703) [ 29 , 30 ], and their surfaces were observed with a SEM. As shown in Figure 3 , the coating damage was more apparent for the sample that was coated over the entire surface, i.e., the EC/Tr/I, than for the pattern-coated sample, i.e., the PC/Tr/I.…”

“…The surface of the implant samples herein was also assessed via attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy (TENSOR27, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) at a range of 400–4000 cm −1 . To measure any residual DMF, each of the three different PC/Tr/I after drying was fully immersed in distilled water for 24 h, which was then assessed via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; Ultimate 3000; Thermo Dionex, Waltham, MA, USA), using an Inno C 18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm, Young Jin Biochrom, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Korea) [ 30 ]. The UV detection was set at 220 nm, and the mobile phase was made of a mixture of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 6.5 and ACN (95:5, v / v ).…”