Development and Validation of the Measurement Instruments of the Determinant Elements of Integrated Rural Tourism

At the core of the resident attitude literature is the general understanding that the more residents economically benefit from tourism, the more they support tourism. While a central tenet, previous research has measured resident perceptions of economically benefiting from tourism somewhat haphazardly, using four disparate directions without a common cross-culturally reliable and valid scale. To bring clarity to the literature, this study develops and presents the Economic Benefit from Tourism Scale as a reliable and valid measure for the resident attitude literature to embrace. The scale's development follows Churchill's recommendations and uses three separate data collections across the United States of America and Poland to purify the scale and demonstrate its validity within an international context. Both samples prove the scale to be construct valid with maximum weight alphas in the .85 to .90 range, standard factor loadings all above 0.60, and average variance extracted estimates between 57% and 69%.

Section: Development Of the Ebtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resident Perceptions of the Economic Benefits of Tourism: Toward a Common Measure

Boley¹,

Strzelecka²,

Woosnam³

2018

“…Rural tourism is often considered a good option for rural development and poverty reduction; thus it is important to analyze the residents' adaptation to rural tourism as a new livelihood (Xue & Kerstetter, 2019), the economic impacts produced by tourism (Villanueva-Álvaro et al, 2017) and develop measurement instruments of the determinant elements of integrated rural tourism (Marzo-Navarro et al, 2016), and a framework for assessing economic sustainability from the perspective of local stakeholders (Qiu et al, 2019). In order to take advantage of the growing demand for rural tourism activities it is important to foster, promote and value the heritage of the local area as well promote the creation of tourism businesses and ancillary services such as those in the hospitality industry that offer high-quality services.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural tourism and development: Evolution in Scientific Literature and Trends

Ruiz–Real

Uribe-Toril

Valenciano

et al. 2020

This work represents a contribution by showing the state of the art of research on rural tourism and development, identifying trends and proposing future lines and topics of research. Rural tourism and its influence on the economic development of rural areas has been an important and dynamic area of research since 2004. For this purpose, a quantitative bibliometric analysis of the 892 documents related to this topic contained within the Web of Science Core Collection has been carried out. Results show that studies on rural tourism mainly focus on Spain, Romania, and China. However, the most prolific authors are from Portugal, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States. There is a notable lack of studies focused on countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, mainly due to political and religious factors. Rural tourism is also an important and emergent sector, particularly in countries like Romania and China.

“…The addition of new attributes to the scale necessitated validation of the augmented scale (EITR). Marzo-Navarro et al (2016) noted that validation of concepts contributes to the advancement of a given scientific field. The 19-item EITR scale was validated successfully and had a high variance explained in comparison with the ITR scale.…”

Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourist Taxonomies of International Tourists Visiting Zimbabwe Using an Extended International Tourist Role Scale

Mapingure

Plessis

2021

Tourist typologies are generally criticized for having spatial biases because most of them were constructed in the context of the Western world. The study used an Extended International Tourist Role (EITR) scale to determine the typologies of international tourists to Zimbabwe. The augmented scale was subjected to reliability and validity tests, which yielded positive results. A factor–cluster analysis of 569 international tourists, yielded three distinct subgroups though with similar traits in certain dimensions. The clusters were named the independent tourist, the indifferent tourist, and the cautious new tourist. In the context of Zimbabwe, the cautious new tourist taxon is the most viable subgroup because of its size and available destination resources. However, for strategic planning, Zimbabwe should begin to embrace the independent tourist. The cautious new tourist is likely to mature into the independent tourist status, if the contemporary trends are anything to go by.