Development and verification of a screening model for surface spreading of petroleum

Hussein, Maged; Jin, Minghui; Weaver, James W.

doi:10.1016/s0169-7722(01)00220-0

Cited by 28 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Those authors point out that viscous flow over a permeable boundary has as yet received very little research attention. The fact that Hussein et al (2002), who produced an even more recent publication, could not identify other models with similar purpose tends to reinforce the finding that such models are presently not available in the open literature.…”

Section: Overland Flowmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Available spill models, which are a simplified screening type, can at best make a relative comparison of the various process mechanisms and conditions under which a spill occurs. This search was only able to find one simplified screening surface spill model (Hussein, Jin, and Weaver 2002). The model was designed to explicitly treat surface spreading of petroleum and to serve the purposes of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, such as an environmental assessment of how much petroleum product could eventually end up in the groundwater.…”

Section: Spills Versus Leaks and Future Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The entry of liquid into the subsurface could be described by a simple model such as the Green-Ampt equation, appropriately modified to describe a NAPL. Hussein et al (2002) describe a particular approach for coupling the overland flow and infiltration models. In general, the infiltration submodel, however, would need to be as precise or accurate as the capability included in the Subsurface Transport Over Multiple Phases (STOMP) simulator (White and Oostrom 2000), which solves the general three-phase flow problem in a heterogeneous layered three-dimensional subsurface medium.…”

Section: Multiphase Subsurface Napl Flow Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simplified Spreading Model Hussein et al (2002) developed a spill spreading model that avoids the complication of overland flow by using concepts from lubrication theory. They describe the overland flow as a gravity current on either a simple flat region or a single sloping plane.…”

Section: 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas the model of Hussein et al (2002) makes use of an approximate solution to the problem of liquid spreading with loss by infiltration, Acton et al (2001) have formulated an exact coupling of the two processes. However, the model's applicability to real soil conditions is limited because the downward percolation of liquid is formulated as saturated flow.…”

Section: 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Status of Models for Land Surface Spills of Nonaqueous Liquids

Simmons¹,

Knell²

2003

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Executive SummaryThis report describes the status of models for predicting the spreading behavior of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) when spilled on land. NAPLs are liquids other than water and are commonly immiscible with water. Examples include diesel fuel, brake fluid, transmission fluid, and many chemical solvents. If there are adequate models available to describe spills, hydrologists can determine how the size of a spill relates to the amount spilled and how long it persists. Further, remote sensors can then be used to detect the presence of a spill on land.A NAPL spill area can often be detected by remote sensing of its vapors with infrared spectroscopy, for a period after a spill. The opportunity for sensing NAPLs having low volatility, however, may depend on the possibility of detecting directly the liquid phase, or adsorbed material, on the surface of a land spill area. Therefore, a NAPL spill model is useful to predict how large an area is produced by a spill of a certain amount and how long it remains visible for remote sensing. Only one land spill model, a simplified screening type, for NAPL spreading was found after searching the scientific literature. This model was built for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It uses the theory of gravity currents from fluid dynamics to represent spill spreading, and it applies the Green-Ampt sharp front model to describe the concurrent infiltration of NAPL into the ground. This spreading model also considers component-wise evaporation of volatile petroleum liquids, but it does not treat drainage away from the surface after a spill. Predicting the drainage just beneath the surface is a critical capability for determining whether remote sensors can detect the liquid phase of a NAPL near the surface after a spill.An exact solution to the problem of coupling a gravity current of viscous liquid to its simultaneous infiltration into a porous medium was found. It derives from fluid dynamics and can be used as a paradigm for spill spreading on a flat ideally smooth surface. Test calculations of this gravity current theory revealed that the spreading area is strongly controlled by the release rate of a spill and by the subsurface permeability. A more realistic prediction of spreading under less ideal situations, however, must consider the roughness of the land surface.This report outlines the processes and mechanisms that control spill mechanics on a porous surface. It also defines physical parameters and lists sources of their values required by mathematical theory for spill phenomena. The key parameters are: iv Liquid properties: density, viscosity, interfacial tension, and vapor pressure Land properties: soil-water retention curve, permeability, surface slope, and roughness.To build a more general model for NAPL spreading over the land, two existing modeling capabilities for overland flow and multiphase subsurface flow of NAPL must be coupled. The two flow theories that must be mathematically coupled are: Saint Venant fluid dynamical equations for overland flo...

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Section: Overland Flowmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Spills Versus Leaks and Future Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multiphase Subsurface Napl Flow Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Status of Models for Land Surface Spills of Nonaqueous Liquids

Simmons¹,

Knell²

2003

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Current Awareness

2003

Hydrological Processes

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Numerical modeling of two-phase fluid flow and oil slick transport in estuarine water

Nagheeby

Kolahdoozan

2010

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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ABSTRACT:Oil spills is one of the most important hazards in the estuarine and coastal water. In recent decades, engineers try to predict the status of oil slick to manage the pollution spreading. The prediction of oil slick transport is carried out mainly by means of numerical models. In the current study, the development and application of a two-phase fluid flow model to simulate oil transport in the marine environment are presented. Different transport and fate processes are included in the developed model. The model consists of the Lagrangian method for the advection process, the Random Walk technique for horizontal diffusion process and the empirical equations for the fate processes. The major forces for driving oil particles are fluid current, wind speed and turbulent flow. Therefore, the multi-component hydrocarbon method has been included to the developed model in order to predict fate processes. As prediction of particle velocity components is of major importance for oil slick advection, therefore the binomial interpolation procedure has been chosen for the particle velocity components computations. In addition, shoreline boundary condition is included in the developed model to simulate shore response to oil slick transport near the beaches. The results of the model applications are compared with the analytical solutions, experimental measurements and other numerical models cited in literature. Comparisons of different sets of results represent the capability of developed model to predict the oil slick transport. In addition, the developed model is tested for two oil spill cases in the Persian Gulf.

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Development and verification of a screening model for surface spreading of petroleum

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Status of Models for Land Surface Spills of Nonaqueous Liquids

Status of Models for Land Surface Spills of Nonaqueous Liquids

Current Awareness

Numerical modeling of two-phase fluid flow and oil slick transport in estuarine water

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