Development in vitro of Penicillin-Resistant Strains of the Gonococcus.

Bahn, Jeanne M.; Ackerman, Helen; Carpenter, Charles M.

doi:10.3181/00379727-58-14825

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Yet the results were not adequately considered. With penicillin corresponding tests were also made very early, and they let expect a slow decrease of activity against N. gonorrhoeae [Bahn et al, 1945;Miller and Bohn hoff, 1945;Marcuse and Hussels, 1954;Meyer-Rohn, 1958]. In fact, it took 3 de cades until some N. gonorrhoeae strains developed total chromosomal resistance to this antibiotic [Shtibel, 1980].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So it seems advisable to try to pre dict the development of resistance of a new antibiotic before introduction into large-scale use for a certain indication. In fact, such an attempt had been made be fore penicillin was widely used for gonor rhea [Bahn et al, 1945;Miller and Bohnhoff, 1945]. On the whole the experimental findings were favorable, and this has proven true clinically in so far as it took about 3 decades until chromosomal resist- ance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin developed [Shtibel, 1980], Facing the loss of efficacy due to beta-lactamase produc tion [Ashford and Golash, 1976;Phillips, 1976], cephalosporins stable to this en zyme could serve as substitute drugs [Neuberl et al, 1982;Korting and Neubert, 1984], Therefore, we tried to examine in vitro if this new class of antibiotics is apt for large-scale use with respect to its po tential for development of resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repeated Exposition to Subinhibitory Concentrations of Antibiotic in vitro Readily Decreases Susceptibility of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae </i>to Rifampicin, but Not to New Cephalosporins and Penicillin G

Behrendt

et al. 1984

Chemotherapy

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Repeated subcultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotic has turned out as a reliable model to predict the low potential for development of resistance with respect to the beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin. Before large-scale introduction of the new cephalosporins we exposed 5 N. gonorrhoeae strains of different susceptibility to penicillin repeatedly to subinhibitory concentrations of cefotiam, ceftizoxime, rifampicin and penicillin G incorporated into chocolate agar. Each time the most resistant representatives of a strain were propagated, on the whole 25 times. While resistance to rifampicin increased readily (all strains became relatively resistant, MIC = 4 μg/ml),the same was not true of the cephalosporins. Although their susceptibility decreased, too, no strain acquired partial or even total resistance (final MIC ≤0.128 with cefotiam and ceftizoxime). The cephalosporins thus rather parallelled penicillin G which hardly induced any increase of resistance. Thus, a quick loss of clinical efficacy need not be feared after large-scale introduction of the new cephalosporins into the therapy of gonorrhea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated Exposition to Subinhibitory Concentrations of Antibiotic in vitro Readily Decreases Susceptibility of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae </i>to Rifampicin, but Not to New Cephalosporins and Penicillin G

Behrendt

et al. 1984

Chemotherapy

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“…Likewise populations with high consumption of cephalosporins, macrolides and fluroroquinolones have a higher prevalence of homologous AMR in circulating N. gonorrhoeae than lower consumption populations (15, 17). In a similar vein, in-vitro studies since the 1940's have demonstrated that for a range of microbes (including N. gonorrhoeae) resistance to a particular antimicrobial rapidly follows sustained exposure to that antimicrobial (18). An important conclusion of the studies linking AMR to antimicrobial consumption has been to make antimicrobial stewardship (limiting the usage of antimicrobials to indications where there is good evidence of net-benefit) a central pillar of the strategy to retard the emergence of AMR (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Set of Criteria to Decide Which STIs to Screen for in PrEP Cohorts

Kenyon

2019

Front. Public Health

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Contemporary HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) cohorts are characterized by high rates of partner change and as a result have high and fairly stable prevalences of N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis . The available evidence suggests that intensive 3-monthly screening in this setting does not have a large effect on the prevalence of these infections but results in high antimicrobial exposures. Gonorrhea/chlamydia screening may thus be doing more harm than good. Compelling arguments can, however, be made to screen for HIV, hepatitis C, and syphilis in PrEP cohorts. In this perspective piece, we explore the logical basis for deciding which STIs to screen for in PrEP cohorts. We propose that a Delphi consensus methodology is used to derive, assess, and apply a broadly accepted set of criteria to evaluate which STIs to screen for in these cohorts. Finally, to illustrate the utility of the process, we derive and apply our own list of criteria as to which STIs to screen for. This process leads to a controversial conclusion, namely that stopping gonorrhea/chlamydia screening in a controlled and phased manner may offer net health benefits to PrEP cohorts.

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“…A large body of evidence has established incontrovertibly that antimicrobial exposure can result in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) [1][2][3]. In a similar vein, populations with more extensive exposure to an antimicrobial typically have a higher prevalence of resistance to that antimicrobial [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Association between Antimicrobial Consumption and Antimicrobial Resistance in a HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vanbaelen,

Laumen,

Van Dijck

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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Background: In antibiotic naïve populations, there is a strong association between the use of an antimicrobial and resistance to this antimicrobial. Less evidence is available as to whether this relationship is weakened in populations highly exposed to antimicrobials. Individuals taking HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have a high intake of antimicrobials. We previously found that there was no difference in the prevalence of pheno- and genotypic antimicrobial resistance between two groups of PrEP clients who had, and had not, taken antimicrobials in the prior 6 months. Both groups did, however, have a higher prevalence of resistance than a sample of the general population. Methods: In the current study, we used zero-inflated negative binomial regression models to evaluate if there was an individual level association between the consumption of antimicrobials and 1. the minimum inhibitory susceptibilities of oral Neisseria subflava and 2. the abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes in the oropharynges of these individuals. Results: We found no evidence of an association between the consumption of antimicrobials and the minimum inhibitory susceptibilities of oral Neisseria subflava or the abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes in these individuals. Conclusions: We conclude that in high-antimicrobial-consumption populations, the association between antimicrobial consumption and resistance may be attenuated. This conclusion would not apply to lower-consumption populations.

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Development in vitro of Penicillin-Resistant Strains of the Gonococcus.

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Repeated Exposition to Subinhibitory Concentrations of Antibiotic in vitro Readily Decreases Susceptibility of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae </i>to Rifampicin, but Not to New Cephalosporins and Penicillin G

Repeated Exposition to Subinhibitory Concentrations of Antibiotic in vitro Readily Decreases Susceptibility of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae </i>to Rifampicin, but Not to New Cephalosporins and Penicillin G

Toward a Set of Criteria to Decide Which STIs to Screen for in PrEP Cohorts

Lack of Association between Antimicrobial Consumption and Antimicrobial Resistance in a HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

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