Development of 3-PM liquid scintillation counting system with geometrical efficiency variation

Hwang, Han-Yull; Kwak, Seong-Im; Lee, Hwa Yong; Lee, Jongman; Lee, Kyung-Beom; Park, Tae-Soon

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2003.11.061

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The TDCR based LSC method has been reported in the 1980's [33], since then many laboratories have built their own TDCR system for LSC measurement. However, these early applications of the TDCR method was exclusively employed in metrological laboratories for radionuclide standardization [31,32,[34][35][36][37]. The first commercial TDCR Lead shield 3 PMTs…”

Section: Tdcr Liquid Scintillation Countingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While, for most of environmental samples, especially the sample with natural originated 36 Cl ( 36 Cl/Cl < 10 -11 ), LSC is not sensitive enough to measure such a low level 36 Cl (< 1 mBq or 36 Cl/Cl < 10 -10 for 10 mg Cl in the sample). The most sensitive accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is needed, which can measure 36 Cl in the sample target with 36 Cl/ 35 Cl atomic ratio of 10 -15 . Calcium-41 41 Ca (t½=1.0310 5 years) is mainly produced by neutron activation reaction of 40 Ca(n,   Ca.…”

Section: Naoh the Concrete Sample Is Decomposed By Alkaline Fusion Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cl is a long-lived (t1/2 =301 ky) pure beta-emitter (Emax = 709 keV), formed by neutron activation reaction of stable chlorine 35 Cl(n,γ) 36 Cl in nuclear reactor. Less important sources are nuclear reactions induced by cosmic radiation in atmosphere, water and bedrock.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid scintillation counting for determination of radionuclides in environmental and nuclear application

Hou

2018

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Section: Tdcr Liquid Scintillation Countingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Naoh the Concrete Sample Is Decomposed By Alkaline Fusion Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid scintillation counting for determination of radionuclides in environmental and nuclear application

Hou

2018

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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“…We have been successfully developing a movable 3 photomultiplier (3PM)-γ device, based on 4π(liquid scintillator [LS])β-γ (NaI(Tl)) coincidence counting method, for activity standardization of pure βor β-γ emitters [1,2]. The three PM tubes placed on the plane are movable from a liquid scintillation vial at the same time, thus enabling the JRPR variation of β-detection efficiencies by a geometrical technique to apply the efficiency-extrapolation method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Movable 3 photomultiplier (3PM)-γ Coincidence Counter Using Logical Sum of Double Coincidences in β-Channel for Activity Standardization

Hwang

Lee

2020

J Radiat Prot Res

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Background: To improve the measurement accuracy of liquid-scintillation counting for activity standardization, it is necessary to significantly reduce the background caused by thermal noise or after-pulses. We have therefore improved a movable 3 photomultiplier (3PM)-γ coincidencecounting method using the logical sum of three double coincidences for β events. Materials and Methods: We designed a new data-acquisition system in which β events are obtained by counting the logical sum of three double coincidences. The change in β-detection efficiency can be derived by moving three photomultiplier tubes sequentially from the liquid-scintillation vial. The validity of the method was investigated by activity measurement of 134 Cs calibrated at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) with 4π(PC)β-γ(NaI(Tl)) coincidence counting using a proportional counter (PC) for the β detector. Results and Discussion: Measurements were taken over 14 counting intervals for each liquidscintillation sample by displacing three photomultiplier tubes up to 45 mm from the sample. The dead time in each βand γ-counting channel was adjusted to be a non-extending type of 20 μs. The background ranged about 1.2-3.3 s-1 , such that the contributions of thermal noise or afterpulses were negligible. As the β-detection unit was moved away from the sample, the β-detection efficiencies varied between 0.54 and 0.81. The result obtained by the method at the reference date was 396.3 ± 1.7 kBq/g. This is consistent with the KRISS-certified value of 396.0 ± 2.0 kBq/g within the uncertainty range. Conclusion: The movable 3PM-γ method developed in the present work not only succeeded in reducing background counts to negligible levels but enabled β-detection efficiency to be varied by a geometrical method to apply the efficiency extrapolation method. Compared with our earlier work shown in the study of Hwang et al. [2], the measurement accuracy has much improved. Consequently, the method developed in this study is an improved method suitable for activity standardization of β-γ emitters.

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Liquid Scintillation Analysis

L’Annunziata¹,

Kessler²

2012

Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis

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Development of 3-PM liquid scintillation counting system with geometrical efficiency variation

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Liquid scintillation counting for determination of radionuclides in environmental and nuclear application

Liquid scintillation counting for determination of radionuclides in environmental and nuclear application

An Improved Movable 3 photomultiplier (3PM)-γ Coincidence Counter Using Logical Sum of Double Coincidences in β-Channel for Activity Standardization

Liquid Scintillation Analysis

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