“…In both cases, publicly available in situ gene expression databases could be used for spatial inference of a profiled cell's spatial location, with mapping resolution determined by the number of known in situ patterns, data quality, and tissue structural organization. Similar approaches have since been successfully applied in the mouse blastocyst, mouse brain, Drosophila embryo, and mammalian liver (Habib et al, 2016;Halpern et al, 2017;Karaiskos et al, 2017;Mori et al, 2017;Stuart et al, 2019). Remarkably, these methods can even be extended to operate fully unsupervised in a de novo setting (that is, without any in situ reference data) (Nitzan et al, 2018) assuming spatial ''smoothness'' in gene expression space.…”