Development of a biodegradable rice straw‐<i>g</i>‐poly(methyl methacrylate)/sodium silicate composite flame retardant

Samal, Ramakanta; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar

doi:10.1002/app.30064

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The surface morphology of cellulose-g-PBA/kaolin nanocomposite is changed and roughness increases with kaolin contents in Figure 3(a-d), revealed the uniform dispersion of clay with in the cellulose-g-PBA copolymer at nano size. Again with intercalation of kaolin (15%) to copolymer the degree of physical crosslinking decreases, 52 porosity increases, 48 and voids for holding water regularly formed which is confirmed from Figure 3.…”

Section: Ftirsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The cone calorimetry is another effective method for studying fire retardancy of polymeric nanocomposites, which is performed according to ISO 5660 standard procedures of each specimens with dimensions 100 × 100 × 4 mm 3 at an external heat flux 35 kW/m 2 . The results reported are average of three specimens for each type of samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Again the heat release capacity mainly depends on the maximum MLR and the heat of combustion of the decomposition products at that temperature. MLR values of nanocomposites are found to decrease with kaolin contents during combustion, which is due to the formation of non pyrolyzable charred residue 48 providing thermal insulation for underlying materials. Additionally, several other parameters were measured simultaneously during the cone calorimetry experiments.…”

Section: Cone Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of biodegradable cellulose‐g‐poly(butyl acrylate)/kaolin nanocomposite with improved fire retardancy and mechanical properties

Jena

Sahoo

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The main aim of the work is to convert a low cost renewable biopolymer to a high performance fire‐retardant biomaterial by modification via grafting. Cellulose, a linear and most abundant biomacromolecule, has gained increasing attention for its interesting properties and potential applications in the synthesis of polymer nanocomposites. Cellulose has been grafted with butyl acrylate via emulsifier free emulsion polymerization using in situ developed transition metal complex initiating system: CuSO4/glycine/ammonium persulfate with and without additive kaolin to prepare nanocomposites and copolymer, respectively. The morphology of so‐prepared grafted nanocomposites was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The enhancement in thermal behavior and mechanical properties of nanocomposites over copolymer were outstanding. The fire‐retardant properties were evaluated by limiting oxygen index and cone calorimetry test. The biodegradation and water absorbency of the fire‐retardant nanocomposites have been carried out for better commercialization and environmental concern. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45968.

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Section: Ftirsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cone Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of biodegradable cellulose‐g‐poly(butyl acrylate)/kaolin nanocomposite with improved fire retardancy and mechanical properties

Jena

Sahoo

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The formation of silica char obstructs the access of oxygen 8 to unburnt material and insulates and protects the inner layers and sub-surfaces of the composites acting as a barrier to reduce the heat and mass transfer between the flame and the samples. 24 A vigorous bubbling was observed due to combustion of LMDPE in composites that had 15 wt% of RH loading. A low percentage of RH in the composites meant a subsequent higher LMDPE loading, and therefore, despite thin silicate layer was formed after RH was consumed by burning, these did not act as an efficient fire and heat barrier to slow the combustion of the composites.…”

Section: Hrrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of material compositions for flammability characteristics in rice husk/polyethylene composites

Ahmad

Lin

Jayaraman

2014

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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A parametric study on the flammability characteristics of rice husk-reinforced polyethylene composites with various material compositions was conducted to find the ''best'' composites' formulation for fire retardancy. Composites were manufactured using rice husk, maleated anhydride polyethylene and linear medium density polyethylene. The blends for manufacturing of composites were selected using mixture design approach. The individual effects of each constituent material on the fire performance of composites by cone calorimeter were studied using trace and contour plots for the various thermal and flammability properties. Regression coefficients were also estimated for each measured response. The cone calorimetry results show that the addition of rice husk improved fire retardancy of composites. The addition of maleated anhydride polyethylene did not influence the flammability properties much, except for mass loss rate and specific extinction area. The optimum mixture of rice husk, maleated anhydride polyethylene and linear medium density polyethylene for overall ''best'' flammability properties of the composites was also determined by multiple response optimisation using the regression models in Design Expert software. The optimum mixture for overall ''best'' fire retardant properties was found to be 50 wt% of rice husk, 5.6 wt% of maleated anhydride polyethylene and 44.4 wt% of linear medium density polyethylene. The flammability properties measured from composites manufactured with this formulation closely matched the values predicted by the model.

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“…Microencapsulation is also wildly used to protect APP from degradation into small molecules in the processing of polymers at high temperature 27–35 . In previous work, sodium silicate (SS) was used to synthesize nanocomposite fire retardant 36–38 . Not only can SS produce the silicic acid to form a synergistic effect with the acid source, but also it can be hardened at high temperature to form a strong silica network framework 39 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐efficiencyammonium polyphosphate intumescent encapsulated polypropylene flame retardant

Huang

Ruan

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The flame retardant polypropylene containing the micro‐envelope core‐shell structure flame retardant, which encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate into melamine‐formaldehyde resin and sodium silicate through in situ polymerization was prepared with polyamide 6, added as a carbon‐forming agent. The composition of ammonium polyphosphate, encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with melamine‐formaldehyde resin and the micro‐envelope core‐shell structure flame retardant were characterized. The fire safety and thermal stability were investigated and showed an improvement including limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis, vertical burning tests, and microscale combustion calorimeter. The burned compounds were also studied to confirm the burning mechanism. The results showed the flame retardant performance had been greatly improved, while polyamide 6 had better char‐forming effect. Besides, the water solubility of flame retardants and their influence on the mechanical properties of polypropylene were also investigated. The results on the effects of additives demonstrated a high efficiency flame retardant to polypropylene. A core‐shell flame retardant that sodium silicate and melamine‐formaldehyde resin‐coated ammonium polyphosphate had been constructed. The effect of the built flame retardant system on the combustion performance of polypropylene was studied from the mechanism and performance. The LOI of the most flame retardant polypropylene reached 28.6%, and UL‐94 reached the V‐0 level.

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Development of a biodegradable rice straw‐g‐poly(methyl methacrylate)/sodium silicate composite flame retardant

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Development of biodegradable cellulose‐g‐poly(butyl acrylate)/kaolin nanocomposite with improved fire retardancy and mechanical properties

Development of biodegradable cellulose‐g‐poly(butyl acrylate)/kaolin nanocomposite with improved fire retardancy and mechanical properties

Optimisation of material compositions for flammability characteristics in rice husk/polyethylene composites

High‐efficiencyammonium polyphosphate intumescent encapsulated polypropylene flame retardant

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