Development of a carbon dot and methylene blue NIR-emitting FLIM-FRET pair in niosomes for controlled ROS generation

Abstract

Non-ionic surfactant vesicular systems (niosomes) are structurally similar to lipid vesicles, differing only in the bilayer composition. Herein we report a unique method to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) utilizing...

Dual Stimuli-Responsive BSA-Protected Silver Nanocluster-Driven “FRET On–Off” within the Niosomal Membrane: An Amalgamation of Restoration of Aggregation-Induced Quenched Fluorescence and Energy Transfer

“…Niosomes, the nonionic surfactant vesicles, were prepared using reported methods. ,, Briefly, the neutral surfactant, TX-100, and cholesterol were taken in a round-bottom flask in 1:1 molar ratio and dissolved in a 3:1 CHCl 3 /CH 3 OH solvent mixture. The concentration of TX-100 (1.25 mM) was always above its critical micellar concentration (CMC) (0.22 mM) .…”

“…This consolidates the occurrence of ICT inside the niosomal bilayer. 16,46 The results from the time-resolved fluorescence decay of C6 in an aqueous environment are intriguing as they reflect the excited state processes in detail. Raw data of the emission decay of C6 fit a bi-exponential routine in bulk water as well as in niosomes (Figure 2B).…”

“…14,15 Chatterjee et al found a very effective way to regulate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by FRET through carbon dots entrapped inside the niosomal membrane. 16 Fluorescent dye and metal nanoclusters (NCs) or quantum dots (QDs) were used as FRET pairs in several works across the lipid bilayer, where protective ligands were used to stabilize the nanomaterials. 8−11 In a solitary report, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-protected ultrasmall gold NCs (AuNCs) were incorporated inside the lipid bilayer aided by suitable cations, where a temperature-dependent study showed that the particle dynamics changes with changing lipid phases.…”

Events at the Interface: How Do Interfaces Modulate the Dynamics and Functionalities of Guest Molecules?

“…These are used nowadays to replace the comparatively expensive and less stable liposomes. , However, their stability allows the interfacial characteristics of niosomes to be tuned based on the requirements. The photophysical properties of the interfacial drugs bound to the niosomes have been a very important topic in present day research. − Moreover, sheltering nanomaterials in the lipid and niosomal interfaces for biomarking and energy research has recently been put into practice. − Nandi et al used carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) to analyze and probe the membrane, , and Chatterjee et al used them to mark the lipid rafts . That the niosomal interface can be utilized in CNP-driven energy-harvester generation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection was shown for the first time by Chatterjee et al…”

“…37−40 37,38 and Chatterjee et al used them to mark the lipid rafts. 39 That the niosomal interface can be utilized in CNP-driven energy-harvester generation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection was shown for the first time by Chatterjee et al 40 In the discussion on interfaces, interactions between proteins, small molecules, and DNA cannot be averted. One topic of outstanding importance is the phenomena at the protein−DNA interfaces.…”