Development of a FACS-verified set of basic and self-conscious emotion expressions.

Tracy, Jessica L.; Robins, Richard W.; Schriber, Roberta A.

doi:10.1037/a0015766

Cited by 178 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This fact is well known for hit rates in emotion recognition. Recognition accuracy differs highly for fear, anger, sadness, disgust, happiness and surprise with happiness often recognized best and fear mostly recognized worse (Langner et al, 2010;Tracy, Robins, & Schriber, 2009;Goeleven, De Raedt, Leyman, & Verschuere, 2008). Although in this study, no correlations between emotion recognition and the estimation of intensity, attractiveness and naturalness could be found, it is likely that coherences would occur in an experimental setup that includes the request of both ratings.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

The Influence of Naturalness, Attractiveness and Intensity on Facial Emotion Recognition

Limbrecht¹,

Rukavina²,

Scheck³

et al. 2012

JPR

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

The Influence of Naturalness, Attractiveness and Intensity on Facial Emotion Recognition

Limbrecht¹,

Rukavina²,

Scheck³

et al. 2012

JPR

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“…When damaging information is discovered, the shamed individual withdraws (32), accepts subordination (33,34), shows appeasement behavior (35), increases cooperativeness (36,37), and upregulates cortisol (38) as well as proinflammatory cytokines to defend against infection (39). This is accompanied by a stereotyped nonverbal display (22,40,41). It may also be accompanied by aggression (42,43), which would be expected if social benefits are no longer as abundantly provided because of being valued, but must instead be bargained for by threatening harm (44).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Shame closely tracks the threat of devaluation by others, even across cultures

Sznycer

Tooby

Cosmides

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

206

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We test the theory that shame evolved as a defense against being devalued by others. By hypothesis, shame is a neurocomputational program tailored by selection to orchestrate cognition, motivation, physiology, and behavior in the service of: (i) deterring the individual from making choices where the prospective costs of devaluation exceed the benefits, (ii) preventing negative information about the self from reaching others, and (iii) minimizing the adverse effects of devaluation when it occurs. Because the unnecessary activation of a defense is costly, the shame system should estimate the magnitude of the devaluative threat and use those estimates to cost-effectively calibrate its activation: Traits or actions that elicit more negative evaluations from others should elicit more shame. As predicted, shame closely tracks the threat of devaluation in the United States (r = .69), India (r = .79), and Israel (r = .67). Moreover, shame in each country strongly tracks devaluation in the others, suggesting that shame and devaluation are informed by a common species-wide logic of social valuation. The shame-devaluation link is also specific: Sadness and anxietyemotions that coactivate with shame-fail to track devaluation. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first empirical demonstration of a close, specific match between shame and devaluation within and across cultures.shame | emotion | valuation | culture | evolutionary psychology I n all known foraging societies past and present, humans have lived embedded in dense networks of cooperative and competitive interactions, a condition that is believed to have prevailed during the evolution of our species (1-3). Individuals in such social ecologies suffered or prospered depending on the summed effects of the choices of others-such as when and how often to share food, to provide care for another's child, to defer in conflicts, and so on. Ancestrally, the difference between an individual reproducing successfully, struggling, or dying early would have depended (in part) on the degree to which others traded off their own welfare for the welfare of that individual.Over the last fifty years, evolutionary researchers have identified a number of selection pressures that favored the evolution of decision systems that regulate welfare trade-offs between individuals, including kin selection (4), reciprocity/exchange (5, 6), risk-pooling (2), parenting (7), mating (8), externality management (9), and the asymmetric war of attrition (10). These theories, in turn, led to the empirical discovery of various choice architectures that evolved to produce best-bet welfare trade-off decisions given the information available to the actor about a potential recipient [e.g., how to respond to cues of genetic relatedness; how to respond to cues predicting the recipient's ability to effectively assert and defend her or his interests; how to respond to cues indicating a potential partner tends to cheat or free-ride (11-16)].In short, favorable valuation by others was a critical resource for our anc...

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“…Over the last few years, two new corpora of emotional expressions have been developed. First, the UC Davis Set of Emotion Expressions (UCDSEE; Tracy, Robins, & Schriber, 2009) includes some static whole body postures and arm configurations of the three self-conscious emotions embarrassment, shame, and pride. Second, the Geneva Multimodal Emotion Portrayals corpus (GEMEP; Bänziger, Mortillaro, & Scherer, in press; provides a large number of dynamic bodily expressions including postures, movements, and gestures of 18 emotions.…”

Section: A New Corpus Of Bodily Emotion Expressionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion expression in body action and posture.

Dael¹,

Mortillaro²,

Scherer³

2012

Emotion

367

282

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Emotion communication research strongly focuses on the face and voice as expressive modalities, leaving the rest of the body relatively understudied. Contrary to the early assumption that body movement only indicates emotional intensity, recent studies have shown that body movement and posture also conveys emotion specific information. However, a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms is hampered by a lack of production studies informed by a theoretical framework. In this research we adopted the Body Action and Posture (BAP) coding system to examine the types and patterns of body movement that are employed by 10 professional actors to portray a set of 12 emotions. We investigated to what extent these expression patterns support explicit or implicit predictions from basic emotion theory, bidimensional theory, and componential appraisal theory. The overall results showed partial support for the different theoretical approaches. They revealed that several patterns of body movement systematically occur in portrayals of specific emotions, allowing emotion differentiation. Although a few emotions were prototypically expressed by one particular pattern, most emotions were variably expressed by multiple patterns, many of which can be explained as reflecting functional components of emotion such as modes of appraisal and action readiness. It is concluded that further work in this largely underdeveloped area should be guided by an appropriate theoretical framework to allow a more systematic design of experiments and clear hypothesis testing.

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Development of a FACS-verified set of basic and self-conscious emotion expressions.

Cited by 178 publications

References 35 publications

The Influence of Naturalness, Attractiveness and Intensity on Facial Emotion Recognition

The Influence of Naturalness, Attractiveness and Intensity on Facial Emotion Recognition

Shame closely tracks the threat of devaluation by others, even across cultures

Emotion expression in body action and posture.

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