Development of a Finite Element Human Thorax Model for Impact Injury Studies

Deng, Yih–Charng; Kong, Wayne; Ho, H.

doi:10.4271/1999-01-0715

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A leading example of such models is the ''virtual human'' (Kimpara et al, 2003;Iwamoto et al, 2002;Deng et al, 1999;Haug, 1997), an anatomically correct numerical model designed to assess trauma to the human body from a vehicle crash. Although accurate geometric data are available for the construction of these advanced models (NLM, 2004), the soft tissue material property data on which they depend have been visibly lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In order to assess protective sports equipment, vehicle crashworthiness and personal protective equipment (Deng et al, 1999;Fung, 1993;Cronin, 2003), it is necessary to develop effective models of the human body. A leading example of such models is the ''virtual human'' (Kimpara et al, 2003;Iwamoto et al, 2002;Deng et al, 1999;Haug, 1997), an anatomically correct numerical model designed to assess trauma to the human body from a vehicle crash.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High strain rate compressive properties of bovine muscle tissue determined using a split Hopkinson bar apparatus

Sligtenhorst

Cronin

Brodland

2006

Journal of Biomechanics

109

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High strain rate compressive properties of bovine muscle tissue determined using a split Hopkinson bar apparatus

Sligtenhorst

Cronin

Brodland

2006

Journal of Biomechanics

109

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“…Deng et al [10] presented a model based on digital-surface images of a human skeleton, heart, lungs and major blood vessels. Material properties were based on the literature, with the ribs modelled as homogeneous linear elastic material, thoracic vertebrae modelled as rigid bodies, the muscles and diaphragm modelled as linear elastic membranes and the heart and lungs modelled as hyperelastic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal thoracic response to dynamic loading: the role of superficial tissues, viscera and the rib cage

Kent¹

2008

International Journal of Crashworthiness

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Computer models are increasingly used in the design of crash protection systems, yet the experimental data available for benchmarking these models is limited. The goal of this study was to apportion the contributions of the rib cage, internal viscera and flesh to the mechanical response of the thorax by repeated dynamic loading of human cadavers. Three postmortem human thoraces in three tissue states (intact, denuded and eviscerated) were subjected to dynamic anterior loading using four loading conditions (distributed, single diagonal belt, double belt and hub). The thoraces were significantly stiffer intact than eviscerated or denuded (paired t test p < 0.05). The distributed (598.7 N/cm) and double belt (529.2 N/cm) intact conditions were the stiffest, followed by the single belt (383.5 N/cm) and then the hub (170.0 N/cm). The degree to which the soft tissues influenced the response depended on the loading. For the hub and distributed conditions, the denuded thoraces retained 60% of the intact stiffness, and the eviscerated thoraces retained 30%. The single and double belt conditions were not as sensitive to tissue state (85% and 55%). The two loading conditions that did not engage the shoulder were highly sensitive to removing the soft tissues, while the two conditions that engaged the shoulder were less sensitive. This is important benchmarking data for computational thoracic models.

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“…Yang et al (2006) reviewed thorax FE models published before 2005 and after 2005 (Yang, 2018). These models were either isolated thorax models (Deng et al, 1999;Shen et al, 2008) or integrated into full body model (FBM) (Robin, 2001;Haug et al, 2004;Kimpara et al, 2005;Song et al, 2009;El-Jawahri et al, 2010;Pipkorn and Kent, 2011;Antona-Makoshi et al, 2015;Iwamoto et al, 2015;Poulard et al, 2015;Schoell et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2016). Despite the significant difference of modeling details, the primary goal of these models was to evaluate human thoracic response, understand thoracic injury tolerances, and assess injury risks under various impact loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Validation of Thorax Model Responses: A Hierarchical Approach to Achieve High Biofidelity for Thoracic Musculoskeletal System

Mukherjee

Caudillo

Forman

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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As one of the most frequently occurring injuries, thoracic trauma is a significant public health burden occurring in road traffic crashes, sports accidents, and military events. The biomechanics of the human thorax under impact loading can be investigated by computational finite element (FE) models, which are capable of predicting complex thoracic responses and injury outcomes quantitatively. One of the key challenges for developing a biofidelic FE model involves model evaluation and validation. In this work, the biofidelity of a mid-sized male thorax model has been evaluated and enhanced by a multi-level, hierarchical strategy of validation, focusing on injury characteristics, and model improvement of the thoracic musculoskeletal system. At the component level, the biomechanical responses of several major thoracic load-bearing structures were validated against different relevant experimental cases in the literature, including the thoracic intervertebral joints, costovertebral joints, clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages. As an example, the thoracic spine was improved by accurate representation of the components, material properties, and ligament failure features at tissue level then validated based on the quasi-static response at the segment level, flexion bending response at the functional spinal unit level, and extension angle of the whole thoracic spine. At ribcage and full thorax levels, the thorax model with validated bony components was evaluated by a series of experimental testing cases. The validation responses were rated above 0.76, as assessed by the CORA evaluation system, indicating the model exhibited overall good biofidelity. At both component and full thorax levels, the model showed good computational stability, and reasonable agreement with the experimental data both qualitatively and quantitatively. It is expected that our validated thorax model can predict thorax behavior with high biofidelity to assess injury risk and investigate injury mechanisms of the thoracic musculoskeletal system in various impact scenarios. The relevant validation cases established in this study shall be directly used for future evaluation of other thorax models, and the validation approach and process presented here may provide an insightful framework toward multi-level validating of human body models.

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Development of a Finite Element Human Thorax Model for Impact Injury Studies

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

High strain rate compressive properties of bovine muscle tissue determined using a split Hopkinson bar apparatus

High strain rate compressive properties of bovine muscle tissue determined using a split Hopkinson bar apparatus

Frontal thoracic response to dynamic loading: the role of superficial tissues, viscera and the rib cage

Evaluation and Validation of Thorax Model Responses: A Hierarchical Approach to Achieve High Biofidelity for Thoracic Musculoskeletal System

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