Development of a Five-Step Global Methane Oxidation-NO Formation Mechanism for Lean-Premixed Gas Turbine Combustion

Nicol, David G.; Malte, Philip C.; Hamer, A. J.; Roby, Richard J.; Steele, Robert C.

doi:10.1115/1.2817117

Cited by 55 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Nicol et al gave a summary of these constants and their values were based on the work of different investigators [13]. Decrease in oxygen concentration, achieved through recirculation of hot reactive species, lowers the reaction rate, which can be countered by higher mixture temperatures, leading to favorable distributed combustion condition.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of internal entrainment on high intensity distributed combustion

Khalil

Gupta

2015

Applied Energy

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h i g h l i g h t sExamined the role of entrainment on Distributed Combustion under different conditions. N 2 and CO 2 are used to simulate entrained combustion gases from within the combustor. Low O 2 concentration in the mixture prior to ignition fostered distributed reaction. Reaction distribution demonstrated at 15% O 2 and lower, with almost invisible flame. 80-90% NO reduction demonstrated at oxygen concentration of 15% in the mixture. a b s t r a c tColorless Distributed Combustion (CDC) has shown ultra-low emissions and enhanced performance of simulated gas turbine combustors. To achieve distributed combustion, the flowfield must be tailored for desirable mixture preparation within the combustor prior to mixture ignition. Though CDC have been extensively studied using a variety of geometries, heat release intensities, and fuels, the role of internally recirculated hot reactive gases needs to be further investigated and quantified to obtain the minimum requirement of internal entrainment for achieving distributed reaction condition. In this paper, the impact of internal entrainment of product gases on flame structure and behavior is investigated with focus on fostering distributed combustion and to provide guidelines for seeking distributed combustion. To simulate the recirculated gases from within the combustor, a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide is introduced to the air stream prior to mixing with fuel and combustion. Increase in the amounts of nitrogen and carbon dioxide (simulating increased recirculation) increased the reaction volume to occupy larger volume with an overall enhanced and uniform distribution as revealed from the OH ⁄ chemiluminescence intensity. At the same time, the bluish flame is replaced with a more uniform almost invisible bluish flame. The increased recirculation also decreased the NO emission significantly for the same amount of fuel burned. Lowering oxygen concentration from 21% to 15% (due to increased recirculation) resulted in 80-90% reduction in NO with no impact on CO emission with sub PPM NO emission achieved at an equivalence ratio of 0.7. The same trend was demonstrated for a range of recirculated gases temperature. The reaction distribution was significantly enhanced with ultra-low emissions for oxygen concentration lower than 16% setting a minimum recirculation requirement for distributed combustion.

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Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of internal entrainment on high intensity distributed combustion

Khalil

Gupta

2015

Applied Energy

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“…Vicente (2000) used two molecular mixing models: one of them is the LMSE model (Dopazo model, 1973) and the other is the modified Curl model (Janicka et al, 1979). Chemical models in the literature include two global systems, one of four steps (Jones and Linsdtedt, 1988) and the other of five steps Nicol et al (1999): another is the systematically reduced chemical system of Mallampalli et al (1998). Turbulent models include the standard k-e model (Launder and Spalding, 1972), the RNG version (Yakhot and Orszag, 1986), and the Reynolds stress transport model of Launder et al (1975).…”

Section: Co and No Formation In Lean Flames 597mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known (see Nicol et al, 1999) that, for LPC combustion, all three NO x formation routes (thermal or Zeldovich, prompt, and nitrogen oxide route) may contribute significantly to the NO x levels. The formation of NO through all of these routes is represented in the previous chemical system by reaction (4).…”

Section: Modeling Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

PDF Modeling of Co and No Formation in Lean Premixed Methane Flames

Vicente

Salinas

Barrios

et al. 2004

Combustion Science and Technology

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In this paper, CO and NO formation in a premixed turbulent methane flame is simulated with a stochastic model of combustion. The model proposed is a combination of both the computational fluid dynamics and the Monte Carlo methods for the solution of the joint probability density function. Finite chemical kinetics is represented by a GRI-derived reduced-chemistry model. This resultant model is used to simulate a lean, premixed, bluff-body, stabilized flame for which experimental data are available. Under this condition, the prediction of NO formation is a challenge because of its low concentrations (typically a few parts per million) and because every NO-formation route is relevant. The model used for the molecular mixing includes a variable mixing time, covering the range from the Kolmogorov scale to the integral scale. A lookup table is used to estimate the thermochemical properties and is found to be more adequate than direct integration. The results are compared with an experimental database.

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“…Several global mechanisms for the combustion of hydrocarbons that also include carbon monoxide can be found in the literature (Hautman et al, 1981;Jones and Lindstedt, 1988;Nicol et al, 1999;Revel et al, 1994;Westbrook and Dryer, 1984), even though none of them has been conceived for gas mixtures originally containing CO, as in the evolved gases of vegetation. Generally, almost all the models take into account the fuel oxidation and=or the fuel breakdown, the oxidation of carbon monoxide, or the water-gas-shift reaction, and if they include hydrogen, its oxidation.…”

Section: Derivation Of the Global Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Global Kinetic Model for the Combustion of the Evolved Gases in Wildland Fires

Perez-Ramirez¹,

Santoni²,

Darabiha³

et al. 2012

Combustion Science and Technology

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The analysis of combustion kinetics in the gas-phase is decisive for wild land fire behavior modeling. However, the use of detailed reaction mechanisms, which involves a large number of species and reactions, is impractical due to large computational time requirements. The present work proposes a five-step chemical kinetic mechanism to simulate the gas phase combustion processes taking place in wildland fires. Both experimental data and data from simulations run using the PSR code from the CHEMKIN-II package with a detailed kinetic mechanism (GDF-kin 3.0) have been used to calibrate and evaluate the global model under typical wild land fire conditions in terms of the inlet mixture composition, equivalence ratio, and range of temperatures.

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Development of a Five-Step Global Methane Oxidation-NO Formation Mechanism for Lean-Premixed Gas Turbine Combustion

Cited by 55 publications

References 6 publications

Impact of internal entrainment on high intensity distributed combustion

Impact of internal entrainment on high intensity distributed combustion

PDF Modeling of Co and No Formation in Lean Premixed Methane Flames

A Global Kinetic Model for the Combustion of the Evolved Gases in Wildland Fires

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