Development of a high frequency underwater acoustic intensity probe

McConnell, James A.; Weber, Thomas C.; Lauchle, Gerald C.; Gabrielson, Thomas B.

doi:10.1109/oceans.2002.1191926

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…η 1 aη 2 , as in [11] and as in Section 4 of [17]), thereby assuring that the left side of (10) relates to ðθ; ϕÞ, via (6)- (8). In contrast, if the two uniaxial particle-velocity sensors are identically oriented (as in [6,9] and as in Section 3 of [17]), the left side of (10) would equal one for all possible ðθ; ϕÞ, thereby rendering (10) useless in evaluating θ or ϕ. The sole remaining constraint in (11) would then be insufficient to identify both θ and ϕ.…”

Section: Types/locations Of Sensors Crb ðθþ Crb ðϕþmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Moreover, if these two uniaxial particle-velocity sensors are spatially displaced (as implemented in hardware in [6,9]) along any Cartesian axis (as), that displacement may have 3 possible orientations. Altogether, there are thus 3 Â 3 ¼ 9 possible configurations.…”

Section: The Acoustic Particle Velocity Field (Apvf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Altogether, there are thus 3 Â 3 ¼ 9 possible configurations. Some such biaxial particle-velocity sensors have already been implemented [6,9,10]. Their beam patterns and directivity have been investigated in [14,17].…”

Section: The Acoustic Particle Velocity Field (Apvf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direction finding using a biaxial particle-velocity sensor

Song

Wong

2015

Journal of Sound and Vibration

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Section: Types/locations Of Sensors Crb ðθþ Crb ðϕþmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: The Acoustic Particle Velocity Field (Apvf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direction finding using a biaxial particle-velocity sensor

Song

Wong

2015

Journal of Sound and Vibration

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“…These probes measure intensity directly and make no estimate of pressure or particle velocity using finite-difference solutions of either the continuity equation or the linearized Euler's equation, as is necessary in velocity-velocity (u-u) [2,3] and pressure-pressure (p-p) [4] probes, respectively. The phase between/?…”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic intensity scattered from an elliptic cylinder

Kim

Lauchle

2001

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Never issued as IM Abstract:A computational study is described where a 2-D elliptic cylinder is insonified by a plane, monochromatic acoustic wave. The elliptic cross section of the cylinder has a fineness ratio of 5:1, the incidence angle of the plane wave is 30° and 60° relative to the major axis of the ellipse, and ka = 20, where a is the major axis of the elliptic cross section and k is the acoustic wavenumber. The calculations are performed using the finite element method of solution for partial differential equations. The MATLAB® Partial Differential Equations Toolbox was used to formulate and solve the Helmholtz equation with reflection-free conditions imposed on the computational outer boundary, and rigid conditions imposed on the surface of the scatterer. Of particular practical interest in this study is the spatial distribution of the total active acoustic intensity, i.e., the sum of the incident and scattered intensity components. Active intensity amplitude, and the phase between pressure and particle velocity, are computed and compared to pressure amplitude only. The results show that there is significant phase distortion in the forward scattered direction that could be useful in localizing targets in active bi-static operations if p-u type acoustic intensity probes were employed. The effects of reverberation on intensity measurements in active target localization systems are also discussed. This can have an effect on the phase results if the source is operating under steady-state conditions. If the source is operated with a short transient signal, the effect of reverberation is non-existent.

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“…In 1991, Ng 4 extended the p-p intensity measurement technique to underwater environments. In 1995, McConnell et al 5 invented an underwater acoustic intensity sensor that uses a pair of velocity sensors. This u-u intensity probe is quite similar in principle to the p-p probe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a velocity gradient underwater acoustic intensity sensor

Bastyr¹,

Lauchle²,

McConnell³

1999

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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A neutrally buoyant, underwater acoustic intensity probe is constructed and tested. This sensor measures the acoustic particle velocity at two closely spaced locations, hence it is denoted a ''u-u'' intensity probe. A new theoretical derivation infers the acoustic pressure from this one-dimensional velocity gradient, permitting the computation of one component of acoustic intensity. A calibration device, which produces a planar standing-wave field, is constructed and tested. In this calibrator, the performance of the u-u intensity probe compares favorably to that of an acoustic intensity probe which measures both pressure and velocity directly.

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Development of a high frequency underwater acoustic intensity probe

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Direction finding using a biaxial particle-velocity sensor

Direction finding using a biaxial particle-velocity sensor

Acoustic intensity scattered from an elliptic cylinder

Development of a velocity gradient underwater acoustic intensity sensor

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