Development of a high-power lithium-ion battery

Jansen, Andrew N.; Kahaian, Arthur J.; Kepler, Keith D.; Nelson, P.A.; Amine, Khalil; Dees, Dennis W.; Vissers, D.R.; Thackeray, Michael M.

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(99)00268-2

Cited by 296 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The choice for the anode material was therefore the spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , which can accommodate three Li+ ions per formula unit without any significant volume change during its transformation into the rock-salt Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 . [24][25][26][27] The discharging potential of this material is ∼1.55 V vs. lithium metal, which is much higher than that for the graphite anodes. When combined with the LiFePO 4 cathode material a 1.8 V battery can be constructed.…”

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confidence: 82%

Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO₄Cathode and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles

Liu¹,

Gorgutsa²,

Santato³

et al. 2012

J. Electrochem. Soc.

124

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Here we report fabrication of flexible and stretchable battery composed of strain free LiFePO 4 cathode, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anode and a solid poly ethylene oxide (PEO) electrolyte as a separator layer. The battery is developed in a view of smart textile applications. Featuring solid thermoplastic electrolyte as a key enabling element this battery is potentially extrudable or drawable into fibers or thin stripes which are directly compatible with the weaving process used in smart textile fabrication. The paper first details the choice of materials, fabrication and characterisation of electrodes and a separator layer. Then the battery is assembled and characterised, and finally, a large battery sample made of several long strips is woven into a textile, connectorized with conductive threads, and characterised. Two practical aspects of battery design are investigated in details: first is making composites of cathode/anode material with optimized ratio of conducting carbon and polymer binder material, and second is battery performance including cycling, reversibility, and compatibility of the cathode/anode materials. © 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.020204jes] All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted September 22, 2011; revised manuscript received December 6, 2011. Published January 19, 2012 With the rapid development of micro and nanotechnologies and driven by the need to increase the value of conventional textile products, fundamental and applied research into smart textiles has recently flourished. Generally speaking, textiles are defined as "smart" if they can respond to the environmental stimulus, such as mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, and magnetic. Many applications of "smart" textiles stem from the combination of textiles and electronics (e-textiles). Most of the "smart" functionalities in the early prototypes of e-textiles were enabled by integrating conventional rigid electronic devices into a textile matrix. The fundamental incompatibility of the rigid electronic components and a soft textile matrix create a significant barrier for spreading of this technology into wearables. This problem motivated many recent efforts into the development of soft electronics for truly wearable smart textile. This implies that the electronic device must be energy efficient to limit the size of the battery used to power it. Needless to say that to drive all the electronics in a smart textile one needs an efficient, lightweight and flexible battery source. Ideally, such a source will be directly in the form of a fiber that can be naturally integrated into smart textile during weaving.Broadly speaking, the advancements in flexible batteries have been in the following categories: (a) flexible organic conducting polymers, 1-4 (b) bendable fuel cells, 5 (c) polymer solar cells 6-8 and (d) flexible lithium polymer batteries. [9][10][11][12] Recently, a rechargeable textile battery was created by Bhattacharya et al. 13 It was fabricated on a textile substrate by applying a conductive polymeric coating dir...

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confidence: 82%

Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO₄Cathode and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles

Liu¹,

Gorgutsa²,

Santato³

et al. 2012

J. Electrochem. Soc.

124

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“…[1][2][3] While cells for electric vehicles will be operated at ambient temperature, lithium-ion cells cycled with currents greater than 2C…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical analysis for cycle performance and capacity fading of a lithium-ion battery cycled at elevated temperature

Shim

Kostecki

Richardson

et al. 2002

Journal of Power Sources

462

223

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Laboratory-size LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 /graphite lithium-ion pouch cells were cycled over 100% DOD at room temperature and 60°C in order to investigate high-temperature degradation mechanisms of this important technology. Capacity fade for the cell was correlated with that for the individual components, using electrochemical analysis of the electrodes and other diagnostic techniques. The high-temperature cell lost 65% of its initial capacity after 140 cycles at 60 o C compared to only 4% loss for the cell cycled at room temperature. Cell ohmic impedance increased significantly with the elevated temperature cycling, resulting in some of loss of capacity at the C/2 rate. However, as determined with slow rate testing of the individual electrodes, the anode retained most of its original capacity, while the cathode lost 65%, even when cycled with a fresh source of lithium.Diagnostic evaluation of cell components including XRD, Raman, CSAFM and suggest capacity loss occurs primarily due to a rise in the impedance of the cathode, especially at the end-of-charge. The impedance rise may be caused in part by a loss of the conductive carbon at the surface of the cathode and/or by an organic film on the surface of the cathode that becomes non-ionically conductive at low lithium content.

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“…Lithium ion batteries have been intensively studied for application in all-electric and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) because of their high power and energy densities [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of high-power lithium-ion cells during constant current cycling

Shim

Striebel

2003

Journal of Power Sources

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Development of a high-power lithium-ion battery

Cited by 296 publications

References 2 publications

Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO₄Cathode and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles

Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO₄Cathode and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles

Electrochemical analysis for cycle performance and capacity fading of a lithium-ion battery cycled at elevated temperature

Characterization of high-power lithium-ion cells during constant current cycling

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Development of a high-power lithium-ion battery

Cited by 296 publications

References 2 publications

Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO4Cathode and Li4Ti5O12Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles

Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO4Cathode and Li4Ti5O12Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles

Electrochemical analysis for cycle performance and capacity fading of a lithium-ion battery cycled at elevated temperature

Characterization of high-power lithium-ion cells during constant current cycling

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Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO₄Cathode and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles

Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO₄Cathode and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles