Development of a multiplex fluorescence immunological assay for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against Cooperia oncophora, Dictyocaulus viviparus and Fasciola hepatica in cattle

Abstract

BackgroundA major constraint for the effective control and management of helminth parasites is the lack of rapid, high-throughput, routine diagnostic tests to assess the health status of individual animals and herds and to identify the parasite species responsible for these helminthoses. The capability of a multiplex platform for the simultaneous detection of three pasture associated parasite species was evaluated and compared to existing ELISAs.MethodsThe recombinant antigens 14.2 kDa ES protein for Cooperia oncophora, major sperm protein for Dictyocaulus viviparus and Cathepsin L1 for Fasciola hepatica were recombinantly expressed either in Escherichia coli or Pichia pastoris. Antigens were covalently coupled onto magnetic beads. Optimal concentrations for coupling were determined following the examination of serum samples collected from experimentally mono-infected animals, before and after their infection with the target species. Absence of cross-reactivity was further determined with sera from calves mono-infected with Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia ostertagi and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Examination of negative serum samples was characterised by low median fluorescence intensity (MFI).ResultsEstablishment of the optimal serum dilution of 1:200 was achieved for all three bead sets. Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses were performed to obtain cut-off MFI values for each parasite separately. Sensitivity and specificity at the chosen cut-off values were close to, or 100 % for all bead sets. Examination of serum samples collected on different days post infection from different animals showed a high reproducibility of the assays. Serum samples were additionally examined with two already established ELISAs, an in-house ELISA using the recombinant MSP as an antigen and a DRG ELISA using Cathepsin L1 for liver fluke. The results between the assays were compared and kappa tests revealed an overall good agreement.ConclusionsA versatile bead-based assay using fluorescence detection (xMAP® technology) was developed to simultaneously detect antibodies against C. oncophora, D. viviparus and F. hepatica in cattle serum samples. This platform provides rapid, high-throughput results and is highly sensitive and specific in comparison to existing serological as well as coproscopical diagnostic techniques.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Fascioliasis in Yaks, Bos grunniens, from Three Counties of Gansu Province, China

“…In the present study, the overall F. hepatica seroprevalence was 28.7% (454/1,584), which was lower than that reported in yaks in Xinghai tested by autopsy method [9,10], cattle in Switzerland [14], Poland [14], Australia [15], Ireland [16], and Vietnam [17] examined by ELISA, but higher than that of cattle in Spain [5] and Denmark [18], cow in Germany [19] tested by ELISA. It has been demonstrated that F. hepatica infection mainly occurs in cattle [20] and goats [20], otherwise, F. gigantica usually infect water buffaloes.…”

Fasciola and fasciolosis in ruminants in Europe: Identifying research needs

“…Karanikola et al. () developed a bead‐based assay using fluorescence detection (xMAP® technology) for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against F. hepatica , Cooperia oncophora and Dictyocaulus viviparus in cattle serum samples. This platform was shown to be highly sensitive and specific in comparison with existing serological and coprological diagnostic techniques.…”

High-throughput Luminex xMAP assay for simultaneous detection of antibodies against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, Sendai virus and rabbit rotavirus

“…The coupling was carried out as described by Karanikola et al [16]. Twenty μL of magnetic beads (about 1.25 × 10 6 beads) was transferred to a low-adsorption reaction tube and placed into the magnetic separator for 30 s, followed by centrifugation to remove the supernatant.…”