“…Advances in open-source microcontrollers and single board computers have made instrument design and construction increasingly affordable and accessible to non-expert users. A growing number of projects have successfully leveraged Arduino, Raspberry PI, and other platforms in development of low-cost, open-source sensors for water-quality and hydrodynamics in lakes and oceans (e.g., Pearce, 2012;Bardaji et al, 2016;Godoy et al, 2018;Zhu et al, 2020;Koydemir et al, 2019;Kitchener et al, 2019;Temple et al, 2020;Lyman et al, 2020;Reeves et al, 2021;Kinar and Brinkmann, 2021). Because the heart of an OBS is a infrared light emitting diode and photodiode, which simply pro--4-please note that this is a non-peer reviewed EarthArXiv preprint vide a voltage reading with a generally linear response to the parameter of interest (see Downing, 2006 and section 2), the OBS is a prime candidate for re-development as an open-source instrument.…”