For various pollutants with diŠerent speciˆc gravity values, adsorbents having similar speciˆc gravity values as those of target pollutants are necessary to achieve enough contact time. The purpose of this work is to introduce a selfvertical migration system to adsorbents for wastewater treatment. An alginate hydrogel composite with controlled speciˆc gravity and buoyancy was successfully developed, which canˆrst sink to the bottom of water and then ‰oat up on the surface after the adsorption. The alginate hydrogel composite was prepared using an alginate solution containing both glucose and yeast. In an experiment, the obtained beadsˆrst sank. However, 30 min later, most of them ‰oated up to the water surface, where carbon dioxide was generated in the fermentation process. This behavior was repeated several times during the fermentation process, causing the beads to ‰oat. To conˆrm the e‹ciency of this unique property, the removal of cesium ions was demonstrated in a water column using Prussian Blue modiˆed alginate gel beads with a repeated vertical migration system. The adsorbent showed a faster removal of cesium than the other adsorbents without the proposed system. We believe that the proposed system can be applied to treat large volumes of wastewater that cannot be stirred or pumped. Therefore, the novel adsorbent developed in this study is expected to signiˆcantly contribute to environmental remediation.